Massagli M P, Weissman J S, Seage G R, Epstein A M
Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts, Boston 02125-3393.
Am J Public Health. 1994 Dec;84(12):1976-81. doi: 10.2105/ajph.84.12.1976.
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of personal and job characteristics on the time to employment loss after diagnosis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and to examine how job loss affects patients' income.
Data were collected from 305 patients with AIDS at three sites in Boston, Mass, between February 1990 and July 1991. Life-table methods were used to estimate the number of months employed after diagnosis. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the effect of risk factors on the probability of ceasing employment in a month.
Seventy-six percent of respondents were working at the time of diagnosis; 53% still had a job at the time of the baseline interview, which averaged 16 months later, but about one in three was on sick or disability leave. Mental and physical demands of jobs significantly influenced the likelihood of employment loss. The loss of earnings reduced monthly income by 75%.
Job characteristics affect the likelihood of employment loss, which in turn has a deleterious effect on income. Programs supporting persons with AIDS during the transition out of work or enabling them to modify their job demands may also reduce these problems.
本研究旨在确定个人和工作特征对获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）诊断后就业丧失时间的影响，并探讨失业如何影响患者收入。
1990年2月至1991年7月期间，从马萨诸塞州波士顿三个地点的305名艾滋病患者中收集数据。采用生命表法估计诊断后就业的月数。使用Cox比例风险模型估计风险因素对一个月内停止就业概率的影响。
76%的受访者在诊断时正在工作；53%的人在平均16个月后的基线访谈时仍有工作，但约三分之一的人在休病假或残疾假。工作的精神和体力需求显著影响就业丧失的可能性。收入损失使月收入减少了75%。
工作特征影响就业丧失的可能性，进而对收入产生有害影响。在艾滋病患者失业过渡期间提供支持或使他们能够调整工作需求的项目，也可能减少这些问题。
