Novak M, Chappell N L
Continuing Education Division, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1994;39(2):105-20.
This article employs the cognitive appraisal model to examine the experience of burnout in a random sample of nursing assistants (N = 245). The three subscales of Maslach's Burnout Inventory--Emotional Exhaustion, Personal Accomplishment, Depersonalization--serve as the dependent variables in this study. The study found that both stressor and appraisal variables influence feelings of burnout. The stressor variable, frequency of disturbing patient behaviors, best explained feelings of reduced Personal Accomplishment. The appraisal variable, reaction to patient behaviors, best explained Emotional Exhaustion and contributed to the explanation of reduced Personal Accomplishment. Age, minutes spent giving physical care, appraisal of work tasks, and reaction to patient behavior, explained Depersonalization. The study found support for the cognitive appraisal model in that appraisal played an important role in determining burnout. The article concludes with some suggestions for relief of nursing assistant burnout.
本文采用认知评估模型，对一组随机抽取的护理助理（N = 245）的职业倦怠经历进行了研究。Maslach职业倦怠量表的三个子量表——情感耗竭、个人成就感、去个性化——作为本研究的因变量。研究发现，压力源和评估变量都会影响职业倦怠感。压力源变量，即干扰患者行为的频率，最能解释个人成就感降低的感受。评估变量，即对患者行为的反应，最能解释情感耗竭，并有助于解释个人成就感的降低。年龄、提供身体护理所花费的分钟数、对工作任务的评估以及对患者行为的反应，解释了去个性化现象。该研究发现认知评估模型得到了支持，因为评估在确定职业倦怠方面起着重要作用。文章最后提出了一些缓解护理助理职业倦怠的建议。
