Adams D M, Overholser J C, Lehnert K L
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7123.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994 May;33(4):498-507. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199405000-00008.
Family problems increase the risk of adolescent suicidal behavior, but the specific dimensions of family functioning related to adolescent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts have not been identified clearly. This study examined the relationship between family functioning and adolescent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Participating adolescents included psychiatric inpatients who had attempted suicide (n = 35), high school students reporting suicidal ideation (n = 33), nonsuicidal psychiatric inpatients (n = 29), and nonsuicidal high school students (n = 37).
The Family Assessment Measure was used to assess adolescents' perceptions of family functioning on two levels: (1) the family system and (2) parent-adolescent dyadic relationships.
The suicidal psychiatric inpatients and the suicidal high school students did not differ in their perceptions of family functioning and mother-adolescent relationships. However, both suicide groups reported more distress and family dysfunction than did the nonsuicidal high school students. Perceived family functioning and mother-adolescent relationships were significantly correlated with levels of depression, hopelessness, and self-esteem.
Family functioning is important to consider when assessing and treating adolescents for suicidal behavior.
家庭问题会增加青少年自杀行为的风险，但与青少年自杀意念和自杀未遂相关的家庭功能具体维度尚未明确。本研究考察了家庭功能与青少年自杀意念和自杀未遂之间的关系。参与研究的青少年包括曾自杀未遂的精神科住院患者（n = 35）、报告有自杀意念的高中生（n = 33）、无自杀行为的精神科住院患者（n = 29）以及无自杀行为的高中生（n = 37）。
使用家庭评估量表从两个层面评估青少年对家庭功能的认知：（1）家庭系统；（2）亲子二元关系。
有自杀行为的精神科住院患者和有自杀行为的高中生在对家庭功能和母子关系的认知上没有差异。然而，两个自杀组报告的痛苦和家庭功能障碍均多于无自杀行为的高中生。感知到的家庭功能和母子关系与抑郁、绝望和自尊水平显著相关。
在评估和治疗青少年自杀行为时，家庭功能是一个需要考虑的重要因素。
