Tardiff K, Marzuk P M, Leon A C, Hirsch C S, Stajic M, Portera L, Hartwell N
Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.
JAMA. 1994 Jul 6;272(1):43-6.
To determine differences between racial/ethnic groups in overall rates of death by homicide, proportion of firearm homicides, and the use of cocaine prior to death.
Descriptive epidemiologic survey of a complete 2-year sample of homicides.
New York City, NY (population 7,322,564).
All residents (N = 4298) of New York City who were victims of homicide during 1990 and 1991.
Using medical examiner data, age- and gender-specific rates of homicide were calculated for African Americans, Latinos, and whites. Separate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between demographic variables and both recent cocaine use and firearm-related homicides.
Young African-American and Latino men were more likely to be victims of homicide than all other demographic groups. Approximately three fourths of all homicides involved firearms. In the subset of homicide victims dying within 48 hours (n = 3890), 31.0% were positive for cocaine metabolites. African Americans (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 2.1), Latinos (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.9), and victims 25 through 34 years of age (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.5 to 3.5) and 35 through 44 years of age (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 3.4) were more likely to be positive for cocaine metabolites than other groups. Young males and females were equally likely to have used cocaine before death. Victims 15 through 24 years of age were more likely than other age groups to be killed by a firearm. African Americans (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.3), Latinos (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.0), and Asians (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.6) were more likely than whites to be killed by a firearm. Men (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 4.0 to 5.9) were more likely than women to be killed by a firearm. There was no association between having used cocaine before death and being killed by a firearm.
The high rates of death by homicide among young African Americans and Latinos may be due to the increased involvement with both cocaine use and firearms. New efforts must be made to decrease cocaine use and firearm availability.
确定不同种族/族裔群体在凶杀案总体死亡率、枪支凶杀案比例以及死亡前使用可卡因情况方面的差异。
对完整的两年凶杀案样本进行描述性流行病学调查。
纽约市，纽约州（人口7,322,564）。
1990年和1991年期间纽约市所有成为凶杀案受害者的居民（N = 4298）。
利用法医数据，计算非裔美国人、拉丁裔和白人按年龄和性别的凶杀案发生率。进行单独的逻辑回归分析，以检验人口统计学变量与近期可卡因使用及枪支相关凶杀案之间的关联。
年轻的非裔美国男性和拉丁裔男性比所有其他人口统计学群体更有可能成为凶杀案受害者。所有凶杀案中约四分之三涉及枪支。在48小时内死亡的凶杀案受害者子集中（n = 3890），31.0%的人可卡因代谢物呈阳性。非裔美国人（优势比[OR]，1.6；95%置信区间[CI]，1.2至2.1）、拉丁裔（OR，1.4；95% CI，1.1至1.9）以及25至34岁（OR，2.9；95% CI，2.5至3.5）和35至44岁（OR，2.7；95% CI，2.2至3.4）的受害者比其他群体更有可能可卡因代谢物呈阳性。年轻男性和女性在死亡前使用可卡因的可能性相同。15至24岁的受害者比其他年龄组更有可能死于枪支。非裔美国人（OR，1.7；95% CI，1.3至2.3）、拉丁裔（OR，1.5；95% CI，1.2至2.0）和亚裔（OR，2.2；95% CI，1.4至3.6）比白人更有可能死于枪支。男性（OR，4.8；95% CI，4.0至5.9）比女性更有可能死于枪支。死亡前使用可卡因与死于枪支之间没有关联。
年轻非裔美国人和拉丁裔中高凶杀案死亡率可能归因于可卡因使用和枪支涉入的增加。必须做出新的努力来减少可卡因使用和枪支可获得性。
