Kazamatsuri H
Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine.
Nihon Rinsho. 1994 May;52(5):1147-51.
Manic-depressive illness is recently named as a mood disorder according to the ICD-10 or DSM-III R diagnostic criteria. It consists of two opposite states, manic state and depressive state. Typical manic symptoms include a pathologic delightful mood, flight of ideas, heightened level of activity and sexual interest. Grandiosity, rapid and pressured speech, increased energy and decreased need for sleep are also frequently seen. On the other hand, depressive symptoms are characterized by prolonged depressive mood, inhibition of thought, lowered level of activity, depressive ideas or delusions and various somatic dysfunctions such as loss of appetite and sleep disturbance. Mood disorders are often seen in association with organic brain diseases, collagen diseases such as SLE, some endocrinological diseases and medication. Diagnosis of manic or depressive states is usually carried out by careful psychiatric interviews. No specific somatic symptoms or signs have been identified for manic-depressive illness. Many rating scales, for instance Zung's SDS or HDSR, have been utilized as diagnostic aids. Rating scales and the symptomatology and diagnosis of manic-depressive illness are described in general.
根据国际疾病分类第10版（ICD - 10）或精神疾病诊断与统计手册第三版修订本（DSM - III - R）的诊断标准，躁郁症最近被归类为心境障碍。它由两种相反的状态组成，即躁狂状态和抑郁状态。典型的躁狂症状包括病理性的愉悦情绪、思维奔逸、活动水平提高和性兴趣增加。夸大观念、语速快且言语急迫、精力增加和睡眠需求减少也很常见。另一方面，抑郁症状的特征是长期的抑郁情绪、思维抑制、活动水平降低、抑郁观念或妄想以及各种躯体功能障碍，如食欲不振和睡眠障碍。心境障碍常与器质性脑疾病、系统性红斑狼疮等胶原病、一些内分泌疾病以及药物有关。躁狂或抑郁状态的诊断通常通过仔细的精神科访谈来进行。尚未发现躁郁症有特定的躯体症状或体征。许多评定量表，例如zung氏抑郁自评量表（SDS）或汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HDSR），已被用作诊断辅助工具。本文对评定量表以及躁郁症的症状学和诊断进行了一般性描述。
