Role of cytosolic Ca2+ and protein kinases in the induction of the hsp70 gene.

The role of cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and protein kinases in the hsp70 induction following heat shock was investigated in cultured rat proximal tubular epithelial (PTE) cells. Changes in [Ca2+]i were measured by digital imaging fluorescence microscopy using fura 2. Steady state levels of hsp70 mRNA were examined by either Northern or dot blot analyses. [Ca2+]i increased within 10 minutes and continued to increase following heat shock. The increases in [Ca2+]i were reduced in nominally Ca(2+)-free media with or without EGTA. [Ca2+]i also increased within 0.5 minutes following ionomycin, but then declined to normal levels by 1.0 to 1.5 minutes. Heat shock induced hsp70 mRNA within 15 minutes, which continued to increase up to three hours. Ionomycin also induced hsp70 mRNA, which peaked at 30 minutes, and gradually decreased thereafter. The hsp70 induction following heat shock was attenuated when extracellular Ca2+ was reduced. Chelation of [Ca2+]i by quin-2 also reduced the hsp70 induction. Inhibitors of protein kinases, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), calphostin C, genistein, and 2-aminopurine, also had inhibitory effects on the hsp70 induction. In contrast, a calmodulin inhibitor, chlorpromazine, had little effect. These results suggest that heat shock increases [Ca2+]i in rat PTE cells and that [Ca2+]i and protein kinases are involved in the hsp70 induction following heat shock.