Fields K B
N C Med J. 1994 Apr;55(4):116-21.
The North Carolina Medical Society's Medicine Committee has reviewed current U.S. literature on preparticipation examinations and adopted a documentation form that fits the specific needs of our state. In spite of a recently published comprehensive monograph on preparticipation physical evaluation, no national consensus exists about whether comprehensive preparticipation exams or brief, focused examinations are better. With this in mind, we limited medical history questions to those determined by previous studies to identify specific problems. Also included are evaluations of blood pressure, musculoskeletal, and cardiovascular systems since studies have shown significant yield from these. The same studies find little benefit from the remainder of a comprehensive physical assessment. The recommended evaluation represents a minimal standard and addresses the core areas likely to prevent athletes from participating safely in sports. No recommended exam could cover all issues that affect school-age athletes--health prevention, adolescent development, general medical care, and psychological stresses--but physicians can use the recording form as a starting point and incorporate a more extensive evaluation into the assessment of athletes found to be at increased risk. Consistent use of this examination should promote better detection of sport-specific risks related to cardiovascular disorders, asthma, musculoskeletal problems, concussions, heat-related problems, and general medical problems. The Sports Medicine Committee wants to promote physical activity. Before disqualifying athletes physicians should remember that the disqualification rate in published studies averages only 1%. When questions about the need for disqualification arise, consultation may be advisable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
北卡罗来纳州医学协会医学委员会审查了美国目前关于参赛前检查的文献，并采用了一种符合本州特定需求的记录表格。尽管最近出版了一本关于参赛前身体评估的综合专著，但对于全面的参赛前检查还是简短、有针对性的检查更好，目前尚无全国性的共识。考虑到这一点，我们将病史问题限制在先前研究确定的用于识别特定问题的那些问题上。还包括对血压、肌肉骨骼和心血管系统的评估，因为研究表明这些评估能有显著收获。同样的研究发现，全面身体评估的其余部分几乎没有益处。推荐的评估代表了一个最低标准，涉及可能阻碍运动员安全参与运动的核心领域。没有一种推荐的检查能涵盖影响学龄运动员的所有问题——健康预防、青少年发育、一般医疗护理和心理压力——但医生可以将记录表格作为起点，并在对被发现风险增加的运动员的评估中纳入更广泛的评估。持续使用这种检查应能更好地检测与心血管疾病、哮喘、肌肉骨骼问题、脑震荡、热相关问题和一般医疗问题相关的特定运动风险。运动医学委员会希望促进体育活动。在取消运动员资格之前，医生应记住，已发表研究中的取消资格率平均仅为1%。当出现关于是否需要取消资格的问题时，建议进行咨询。（摘要截选于250字）
