Bazhanov A N
Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol. 1976 Oct;71(10):61-7.
The comparative histological study of processes of embryonic histogenesis of the oesophagus epithelium in certain representatives of vertebrate animals (fishes, amphibia, reptiles, birds, mammals) and man was carried out in the light of the academician A. N. Severtsov's theory of phylembryogenesis. It has been shown that phylogenetic changes of the oesophagus lining of vertebrates related with its evolutionary transformations are regularly reflected in the stages or steps of the oesophagus epithelium histogenesis in ontogenesis of each systematic unit of the subtype. The first step is the phylembryogenesis of the oesophagus lining in all vertebrates is the monolayer epithelium of the endodermal origin; the secone step is the striated muco-ciliated (in low vertebrates and most reptiles) and pseudostratified (embryos of higher vertebrates) epithelium; the third step is the pseudostratified mucous epithelium (bony fishes) and stratified lining (prefetuses of higher vertebrates). The forth step is the stratified mucous (steppe turtle) and stratified muco-ciliated epithelium (fetuses of birds, many mammals and man). The fifth step--stratified squamous epithelium (birds, mammals, man). The academician A. N. Severtsov's theory of phylembryogenesis clearly points to the origins (the entoderm), routs and mechanisms of the transformation of the oesophagus lining in its evolutionary development.
根据A. N. 谢韦尔佐夫院士的系统发生胚胎学理论，对某些脊椎动物（鱼类、两栖类、爬行类、鸟类、哺乳类）和人类食管上皮胚胎组织发生过程进行了比较组织学研究。结果表明，脊椎动物食管内衬的系统发生变化与其进化转变相关，这些变化在该亚型各系统单位个体发育过程中食管上皮组织发生的阶段或步骤中得到了规律性反映。第一步，所有脊椎动物食管内衬的系统发生胚胎学阶段为内胚层起源的单层上皮；第二步为横纹状黏液纤毛上皮（低等脊椎动物和大多数爬行类）和假复层上皮（高等脊椎动物胚胎）；第三步为假复层黏液上皮（硬骨鱼类）和分层内衬（高等脊椎动物胎儿前期）；第四步为分层黏液上皮（草原龟）和分层黏液纤毛上皮（鸟类、许多哺乳类和人类胎儿）；第五步为分层鳞状上皮（鸟类、哺乳类、人类）。A. N. 谢韦尔佐夫院士的系统发生胚胎学理论明确指出了食管内衬在其进化发展过程中的起源（内胚层）、路径和转变机制。
