Ikeda M
Department of Public Health, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
Clin Chem. 1994 Jul;40(7 Pt 2):1444-7.
To determine empirically the most probable mode of interaction of chemicals given in combination, major occupational health, environmental health, and toxicology journals published in the past 10 years were sorted by eye for studies on noncarcinogenic and nonteratogenic effects of industrial and environmental chemicals in combination. Of the 159 relevant studies, 49 reported "more than additive" effects; however, most of these had methodological weakness in extrapolating the observation to effects in humans; e.g., the dose used was much larger than expected exposure levels in real life. After excluding the studies that were based on unrealistic conditions, the "more than additive" effect was observed in < 5% of the studies reviewed. In the absence of information to suggest otherwise, therefore, the risk of underestimating toxicity by assuming the additiveness is probably < 5%.
为了通过实证确定组合化学品最可能的相互作用模式，对过去10年发表的主要职业健康、环境卫生和毒理学杂志进行了人工筛选，以查找关于工业和环境化学品组合的非致癌和非致畸作用的研究。在159项相关研究中，49项报告了“超相加”效应；然而，其中大多数在将观察结果外推至对人类的影响方面存在方法学缺陷；例如，所使用的剂量远高于现实生活中预期的暴露水平。在排除基于不现实条件的研究后，在所审查的研究中，<5%观察到“超相加”效应。因此，在没有其他信息表明相反情况时，通过假设相加性来低估毒性的风险可能<5%。
