Weinstein L F, Gillingham K K, Ercoline W R
KRUG Life Sciences, Inc., San Antonio, TX 78235-5104.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1994 May;65(5 Suppl):A20-30.
The United States Air Force has conducted an extensive research effort to determine the most effective way to present aircraft control, performance, and navigation information on the head-up display (HUD). The primary objective of the research was to develop a standard HUD symbology set to be used as a primary flight reference for fighter-type aircraft during instrument meteorological conditions. This paper summarizes the research conducted by scientists in the Visual Orientation Laboratory at the Flight Motion Effects Branch of the Human Systems Center's Armstrong Laboratory. Five experiments that examined various control and performance symbology elements are reviewed. Suggested standardization guidelines based on experimental findings are discussed, including the following: the use of counter-pointers for airspeed and altitude indicators, vertical and horizontal asymmetry for climb/dive ladder configurations, a ghost horizon, analog vertical-velocity information, energy management symbology, and quickening for climb/dive markers.
美国空军开展了广泛的研究工作，以确定在平视显示器（HUD）上呈现飞机控制、性能和导航信息的最有效方式。该研究的主要目标是开发一套标准的HUD符号集，用作战斗机在仪表气象条件下的主要飞行参考。本文总结了人类系统中心阿姆斯特朗实验室飞行运动效应分支视觉定向实验室的科学家们所进行的研究。回顾了五项检验各种控制和性能符号元素的实验。讨论了基于实验结果提出的标准化指南，包括以下内容：空速和高度指示器使用反向指针、爬升/俯冲梯配置采用垂直和水平不对称、虚拟地平线、模拟垂直速度信息、能量管理符号以及爬升/俯冲标记的加速显示。
