Lyons T J, Gillingham K K, Teas D C, Ercoline W R, Oakley C
U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks Air Force Base, TX.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1990 Aug;61(8):699-706.
An initial version of an acoustic orientation instrument (AOI), in which airspeed was displayed as sound frequency, vertical velocity as amplitude modulation rate, and bank angle as right-left lateralization, was evaluated in a T-40 (Link GAT-3) motion-based simulator. In this study, 15 pilots and 3 non-pilots were taught to use the AOI and flew simulated flight profiles under conditions of neither visual nor auditory instrumentation (NO INPUT), AOI signals only (AOI), T-40 simulator instrumentation only (VISUAL), and T-40 simulator instrumentation with AOI signals (BOTH). Bank control under AOI conditions was significantly better than under the NO INPUT condition for all flying tasks. Bank control under VISUAL conditions was significantly better than under the AOI condition only during turning and when performing certain complex secondary tasks. The pilots' ability to use the AOI to control vertical velocity and airspeed was less apparent. However, during straight-and-level flight, turns, and descents the AOI provided the pilots with sufficient information to maintain controlled flight. Factors of potential importance in using sound to convey aircraft attitude and motion information are discussed.
一种声学定向仪器（AOI）的初始版本在基于T-40（Link GAT-3）运动的模拟器中进行了评估，该仪器将空速显示为声频，垂直速度显示为调幅率，倾斜角显示为左右侧向化。在本研究中，15名飞行员和3名非飞行员学习使用AOI，并在既无视觉也无听觉仪表（无输入）、仅AOI信号（AOI）、仅T-40模拟器仪表（视觉）以及T-40模拟器仪表与AOI信号（两者皆有）的条件下飞行模拟飞行剖面。在AOI条件下，所有飞行任务的倾斜控制明显优于无输入条件下的倾斜控制。仅在转弯和执行某些复杂的次要任务时，视觉条件下的倾斜控制明显优于AOI条件下的倾斜控制。飞行员使用AOI控制垂直速度和空速的能力不太明显。然而，在直线平飞、转弯和下降过程中，AOI为飞行员提供了足够的信息以保持可控飞行。文中讨论了使用声音传达飞机姿态和运动信息时潜在的重要因素。
