Domański T, Kluszczyński D, Chruścielewski W, Olszewski J
Physical Hazards Branch, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.
Pol J Occup Med Environ Health. 1993;6(4):369-81.
The paper presents some aspects of radiation hazard which occurs in a non-nuclear sector of industry, namely radiation hazard in non-uranium underground mines. The radiation hazard is caused in each type of underground mine by the naturally occurring noble radioactive gas-radon (222Rn) and radioactive products of its decay 218Po, 214Pb, 214Bi/214Po the so-called 'radon daughters' occurring in the mines' air. The paper presents the concept of how to provide a reliable system of assessment of miners' exposure by application of representative individual dosimetry, and also presents principles of computer-aided methods for interpretation of the results of miner's dosimetry useful for conversion of dosimetry data to the term of expected risk of cancer caused by exposure at miner's workplaces. The representative Individual Dosimetry system strengthened by computer-aided methods of analysis of results provided essential information on radiation cancer risk for miners employed in coal mines, metal-ore mines, chemical raw material mines in Poland. The coefficient of annual cancer risk induction is 1.5 x 10(-4) year-1 for coal mines, 1.40 x 10(-4) year-1 for metal ore mines and 1.5 x 10(-4) year-1 for chemical raw material mines. The radiation risk appears to be of the same magnitude as the conventional risk of life loss at work-related accidents. The average Lost Life Expectancy coefficient for both the radiation risk and conventional risk are 0.5 and 0.3 year per each miner, respectively.
本文介绍了非核工业领域中出现的一些辐射危害方面，即非铀地下矿山的辐射危害。每种类型的地下矿山中的辐射危害都是由天然存在的惰性放射性气体——氡（222Rn）及其衰变产物218Po、214Pb、214Bi/214Po（即矿山空气中出现的所谓“氡子体”）引起的。本文提出了如何通过应用具有代表性的个人剂量测定法来提供可靠的矿工暴露评估系统的概念，还介绍了计算机辅助方法的原理，这些方法用于解释矿工剂量测定结果，有助于将剂量测定数据转换为矿工工作场所暴露导致的预期癌症风险术语。由计算机辅助结果分析方法强化的具有代表性的个人剂量测定系统，为波兰煤矿、金属矿、化学原料矿的矿工提供了有关辐射致癌风险的基本信息。煤矿的年度癌症风险诱发系数为1.5×10^(-4) 年^(-1)，金属矿为1.40×10^(-4) 年^(-1)，化学原料矿为1.5×10^(-4) 年^(-1)。辐射风险似乎与工作相关事故中传统的生命损失风险程度相同。辐射风险和传统风险的平均预期寿命损失系数分别为每名矿工0.5年和0.3年。
