Valtonen E T, Koskivaara M
Department of Biology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Int J Parasitol. 1994 Feb;24(1):109-18. doi: 10.1016/0020-7519(94)90064-7.
A total of 526 Atlantic salmon and 500 brown trout from a fish farm were studied for parasites, as were 272 roach, 251 perch and 150 whitefish from the lake which formed the water source, and 196 roach and 136 perch from the effluent recipient lake. The cultured fish harboured 14 parasite species, of which most were protozoan generalist parasites. Nine species were found on salmon and 12 on brown trout. Epizootically the most important species were Ichthyobodo necator, Chilodonella cyprini and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The mean number of species per studied fish was 0.71 for salmon and 0.61 for brown trout. The seasonal occurrences of the ectoparasites were found to be irregular due to preventative bathing of the fish. The wild whitefish harboured 19 parasite species, roach 41 and perch 33. The proportions of the parasite species common to both wild and cultured fishes were 17% of the species from roach, 36% of those from perch and 47% of the species from whitefish. Jaccard's similarity index, indicating similarities between wild and farmed fish, was highest between whitefish and brown trout. It was concluded that the source of parasites in the fish farm is the water supplying lake, but the farm itself was unlikely to effect the fish parasite fauna of the water recipient lake, although some ectoparasites, which had high prevalences in this lake, could originate from the farm. The high standard of maintenance and hygiene in this farm kept problems caused by parasites under control.
对一家养鱼场的526条大西洋鲑鱼和500条褐鳟进行了寄生虫研究，同时对作为水源的湖泊中的272条拟鲤、251条鲈鱼和150条白鲑，以及受纳废水湖泊中的196条拟鲤和136条鲈鱼也进行了研究。养殖鱼类体内有14种寄生虫，其中大多数是原生动物类的泛寄生物。在鲑鱼身上发现了9种，在褐鳟身上发现了12种。从流行病学角度来看，最重要的物种是漂游鱼波豆虫、鲤斜管虫和多子小瓜虫。每条被研究鱼的平均寄生虫种类数，鲑鱼为0.71种，褐鳟为0.61种。由于对鱼进行预防性药浴，发现体外寄生虫的季节性出现情况并不规律。野生白鲑体内有19种寄生虫，拟鲤有41种，鲈鱼有33种。野生鱼和养殖鱼共有的寄生虫种类比例，拟鲤为17%，鲈鱼为36%，白鲑为47%。表明野生鱼和养殖鱼之间相似性的杰卡德相似性指数，在白鲑和褐鳟之间最高。得出的结论是，养鱼场寄生虫的来源是供水湖泊，但养鱼场本身不太可能影响受纳水湖泊中的鱼类寄生虫群落，尽管该湖泊中某些体外寄生虫的高流行率可能源自养鱼场。该养鱼场较高的维护和卫生标准使寄生虫引起的问题得到了控制。
