Rintamäki-Kinnunen P, Valtonen E T
Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Finland.
Int J Parasitol. 1997 Jan;27(1):89-99. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7519(96)00162-2.
Protozoan ectoparasites were examined in a northern salmonid fish farm over a 10-year period, June 1984-May 1994, by the same researcher, with similar catching and sampling procedures throughout. Husbandry procedures remained constant during the study, e.g., fingerlings were kept in steel tanks and yearlings in both steel tanks and earth ponds. Ichthyobodo necator, Chilodonella hexasticha and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infections were treated with formalin, salt and malachite green-formalin baths, respectively, whenever any parasites were found. Altogether 10,790 randomly sampled salmon (Salmo solar), sea trout (S. trutta m. trutta) and brown trout (S. trutta m. lacustris) were studied. Higher prevalences were found in yearlings than in fingerlings, except in I. necator infections, which were higher in fingerlings (e.g., 26% vs 6% in sea trout). C. hexasticha occurred less often and was found most commonly on brown trout fingerlings. Trichodina nigra occurred more often in salmon of both age groups and Riboscyphidia arctic in trout. The results show that the occurrence of protozoan parasites in a fish farm is predictable and is influenced by the fish species, the age group of the fish, the season and the tank type. Parasite burden increased up to 7 species per brown trout, e.g., when fish were studied from hatching until stocking at the age of 2 years.
在1984年6月至1994年5月的10年期间，同一位研究人员对北方的一个鲑鱼养殖场的原生动物外寄生虫进行了检查，整个过程采用了相似的捕捞和采样程序。在研究期间，养殖程序保持不变，例如，鱼苗养在钢制水箱中，一岁鱼则养在钢制水箱和土池中。每当发现任何寄生虫时，分别用福尔马林、盐和孔雀石绿-福尔马林浴处理感染了隐鞭虫、六鞭虫和多子小瓜虫的鱼。总共研究了10790条随机抽样的鲑鱼（大西洋鲑）、海鳟（褐鳟指名亚种）和褐鳟（褐鳟湖沼亚种）。除了隐鞭虫感染在鱼苗中发生率更高（例如，海鳟中为26%对6%）外，一岁鱼中的寄生虫感染率高于鱼苗。六鞭虫出现的频率较低，最常见于褐鳟鱼苗。黑三毛滴虫在两个年龄组的鲑鱼中出现得更频繁，北极肋杯虫则在鳟鱼中更常见。结果表明，养鱼场中原生动物寄生虫的出现是可预测的，并且受鱼类种类、鱼的年龄组、季节和水箱类型的影响。每条褐鳟的寄生虫负担增加到7种，例如，当研究从孵化到两岁放养鱼时。
