Balbuena J A, Aspholm P E, Andersen K I, Bjørge A
Department of Animal Biology, University of Valencia, Spain.
Parasitology. 1994 Apr;108 ( Pt 3):343-9. doi: 10.1017/s0031182000076186.
We studied the component community of lung-worms of the harbour porpoise, attempting to establish the relative importance of ecological and evolutionary factors on its development. The lungs of 64 porpoises by-caught in Norwegian waters were examined for helminths. Three pseudaliid species were detected. The porpoises appear to be readily colonized by lung-worms, the structure of the component community of calves being fairly similar to that of the remainder. Prenatal and/or transmammary infections might partly account for these early infections. However, host age was correlated with the number of lung-worm species, suggesting that the lung-worms may have heteroxenous cycles similar to other metastrongyloids. The lung-worm species tended to co-occur more often than expected by chance. This pattern is commonly observed in communities formed by phylogenetic relatives. Mean species richness of lung nematodes differed significantly among mammalian orders. However, species richness of marine species seemed very similar to those of most terrestrial species. This evidence suggests that phylogenetic factors seem more important than ecological ones in determining the number of lung-worm species in mammals.
我们研究了港湾鼠海豚肺线虫的组成群落，试图确定生态和进化因素对其发育的相对重要性。对在挪威海域误捕的64只鼠海豚的肺部进行了寄生虫检查。检测到三种伪异尖线虫属物种。鼠海豚似乎很容易被肺线虫寄生，幼崽组成群落的结构与其余部分相当相似。产前和/或经乳腺感染可能部分解释了这些早期感染。然而，宿主年龄与肺线虫物种数量相关，这表明肺线虫可能具有与其他后圆线虫相似的异寄主周期。肺线虫物种同时出现的频率往往高于偶然预期。这种模式在由系统发育亲属形成的群落中普遍观察到。肺线虫的平均物种丰富度在不同的哺乳动物目中有显著差异。然而，海洋物种的物种丰富度似乎与大多数陆地物种非常相似。这一证据表明，在决定哺乳动物肺线虫物种数量方面，系统发育因素似乎比生态因素更重要。
