Thompson R F
Neurosciences Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-2520.
Psychol Rev. 1994 Apr;101(2):259-65. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.101.2.259.
The influence of the methods and theories of behaviorism on theory and research in the neurosciences is examined, partly in light of Watson's (1913) original call-to-arms. Behaviorist approaches to animal behavior, particularly in the study of processes of learning and memory, have had a profound and continual influence in the area of neuroscience concerned with animal studies of brain substrates of behavior. Similarly, contemporary behaviorists have not been opposed to the study of neurobiological substrates of behavior. On the other hand, classical behaviorist views of thinking, that is, as reflex chains, have been largely discounted by developments in neuroscience. Classical behaviorism is viewed by many as being most at odds with the modern fields of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience, particularly regarding "mind" and "consciousness." A modest attempt at reconciliation is offered.
本文考察了行为主义的方法和理论对神经科学理论与研究的影响，部分是参照华生（1913年）最初的战斗号召。行为主义对动物行为的研究方法，尤其是在学习和记忆过程的研究中，在与动物行为脑基质研究相关的神经科学领域产生了深远且持续的影响。同样，当代行为主义者并不反对对行为的神经生物学基质进行研究。另一方面，经典行为主义对思维的看法，即把思维看作反射链，在很大程度上已被神经科学的发展所否定。许多人认为经典行为主义与现代认知心理学和认知神经科学领域最不一致，尤其是在“心智”和“意识”方面。本文进行了一次适度的调和尝试。
