Pacor M L, Biasi D
Recenti Prog Med. 1994 May;85(5):285-8.
House dust mites of the species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are among the most prevalent perennial allergens. Measurement of allergen exposure is so crucial to establish the natural history of the allergic reaction. The most common clinical manifestations induced by Dermatophagoides are perennial asthma and perennial rhinitis. Recently there are a number of studies indicating that a high degree of exposure to house dust mites may represent a risk factor for severe disease in patients with atopic dermatitis. The diagnosis was performed by in vivo and in vitro tests. Nowadays the treatments regard allergen eradication and specific immunotherapy. Mite specific immunotherapy is only effective under optimal conditions, including an appropriate selection of patients and the use of high-quality standardized extracts. The specific immunotherapy received by subcutaneous injection is the one mostly used until now and the results were really satisfactory, even if its evaluation has been made on clinical data or on bronchial challenges. Immunologic changes were found only when using same extracts. The incidence of systemic reactions during the immunotherapy was low. Recently local immunotherapy was used and it has been shown to be significant by safety, but further clinical investigations are needed to clarify the clinical efficacy in direct comparison with traditional parenteral immunotherapy.
屋尘螨中的粉尘螨是最常见的常年性变应原之一。变应原暴露的测量对于确立过敏反应的自然病史至关重要。粉尘螨引起的最常见临床表现是常年性哮喘和常年性鼻炎。最近有多项研究表明，高度暴露于屋尘螨可能是特应性皮炎患者发生重症的一个危险因素。诊断通过体内和体外试验进行。如今的治疗方法包括变应原根除和特异性免疫疗法。螨特异性免疫疗法仅在最佳条件下有效，包括适当选择患者以及使用高质量的标准化提取物。皮下注射的特异性免疫疗法是目前最常用的，其结果确实令人满意，尽管其评估是基于临床数据或支气管激发试验。仅在使用相同提取物时才发现免疫变化。免疫疗法期间全身反应的发生率较低。最近使用了局部免疫疗法，已证明其安全性良好，但需要进一步的临床研究来明确其与传统皮下免疫疗法直接比较的临床疗效。
