Koskinen S, Martelin T
University of Helsinki, Department of Sociology, Finland.
Soc Sci Med. 1994 May;38(10):1385-96. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)90276-3.
This study examines whether women's socioeconomic mortality differences appear to be smaller than those of men because of: (1) the choice of indicator used in measuring socioeconomic position; (2) the confounding influence of other sociodemographic variables, either masking women's inequities or accentuating them among men; or (3) differences in the cause of death structure between women and men. The data set is based on individual records of the 1980 census linked with death records for the period 1981-85 in the 35-64-year old population in Finland. According to each of the socioeconomic indicators applied in this study (level of education, occupational class, housing density and standard of equipment of the dwelling) the relative magnitude of inequalities among women is considerably smaller than among men. This result arises totally from the married subpopulation--in other marital status groups women's inequalities are at least as large as men's. In most causes of death the socioeconomic mortality gradient is as steep or even steeper among women in comparison with men. When the cause of death structure of men is applied to the cause-specific mortality differences of women, the socioeconomic gradient in total mortality is almost similar among both genders even in the married population.
（1）衡量社会经济地位时所使用指标的选择；（2）其他社会人口统计学变量的混杂影响，这种影响要么掩盖了女性的不平等状况，要么加剧了男性的不平等状况；或者（3）男女死亡原因结构的差异。数据集基于1980年芬兰35至64岁人口普查的个人记录与1981 - 1985年期间的死亡记录相链接而成。根据本研究采用的各项社会经济指标（教育水平、职业类别、住房密度和居住设施标准），女性不平等的相对程度比男性小得多。这一结果完全源于已婚亚群体——在其他婚姻状况群体中，女性的不平等程度至少与男性一样大。在大多数死因中，与男性相比，女性的社会经济死亡率梯度同样陡峭甚至更陡峭。当将男性的死亡原因结构应用于女性特定死因的死亡率差异时，即使在已婚人群中，两性总体死亡率的社会经济梯度也几乎相似。
