Bryan R T, Balderrama F, Tonn R J, Dias J C
Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994;50(6 Suppl):61-71. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1994.50.61.
As applied to vector-borne disease control, the term community participation has been broadly interpreted. Community-based vector control projects have been described as having both active and passive components. Recently, community participation in organized efforts to control Chagas' disease has become more dynamic, with increasingly active involvement by local community members. Chagas' disease is a particularly significant vector-borne disease problem in the South American countries of Brazil, Venezuela, and Bolivia, and health officials there are beginning to emphasize horizontal or decentralized approaches to control of triatomine vectors. Experience suggests that vector control programs using community participation have significant and sustainable impact on vector density, appear to be more cost-effective than purely vertically structured programs, are readily integrated with other health or development programs, promote an enduring sense of pride in home and community, and are politically viable vector control strategies. Community participation per se has inherent value because of its positive effect on social relationships and community solidarity. Moreover, it is a dynamic process that results in accrued benefits for public health that exceed most vector control program goals and persist well beyond program termination.
在应用于病媒传播疾病控制时，“社区参与”一词得到了广泛的诠释。以社区为基础的病媒控制项目被描述为同时具有积极和消极两个方面。最近，社区参与控制恰加斯病的有组织努力变得更加活跃，当地社区成员的参与也越来越积极。恰加斯病在巴西、委内瑞拉和玻利维亚等南美国家是一个特别严重的病媒传播疾病问题，那里的卫生官员开始强调采用横向或分散的方法来控制锥蝽病媒。经验表明，利用社区参与的病媒控制项目对病媒密度有重大且可持续的影响，似乎比纯粹垂直结构的项目更具成本效益，易于与其他卫生或发展项目整合，能促进人们对家庭和社区产生持久的自豪感，并且是具有政治可行性的病媒控制策略。社区参与本身具有内在价值，因为它对社会关系和社区团结有积极影响。此外，它是一个动态过程，能为公共卫生带来累积效益，这些效益超过了大多数病媒控制项目的目标，并且在项目结束后仍能持续很久。
