Barrera C, Herrera M, Martinez F, Leon R, Richard A, Guderian R H, Mouchet J, Echeverria R, Le Pont F
Hospital Vozandes, Department of Clinical Investigations, Quito, Ecuador.
Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1994 Mar;74(1):1-12.
A clinico-epidemiologic survey on cutaneous leishmaniasis, due to Leishmania panamensis, was carried out on 961 persons in two study areas of the Pacific coast of Ecuador, to estimate the prevalence and the incidence of the disease. In the preandean hills, at Paraiso Escondido, the prevalence of active lesions was 4.8%; in the hills of the coastal cordillera, at La Tablada, it was 3.6%. The incidence of new cases in 1991 was high: 147% in the first village, and 106% in the second. These data are far higher than the Health Ministry statistics. The cumulated prevalence, obtained by addition of the scars and active lesions of leishmaniasis, was as high as 66% at Paraiso Escondido, and 47% at La Tablada. Most of the patients (62%) had only one ulcer or scar. Most of the people are contaminated during the first five years they live in these endemic areas. Nevertheless, the incidence remains high in all the age groups, because large numbers of migrants coming from non endemic regions are continuously settling in these colonization areas. Interviews have shown that the contaminations had occurred in the dry season, between July and December. These findings were confirmed by passive case detection at the Hospital A. Egas of Santo Domingo which covered the region. Contamination of young children and position of the lesions on the face suggested a domiciliary transmission, like in Panama and on the Pacific coast of Colombia.
对厄瓜多尔太平洋沿岸两个研究区域的961人进行了一项关于巴拿马利什曼原虫引起的皮肤利什曼病的临床流行病学调查，以估计该病的患病率和发病率。在前安第斯山区的埃斯孔迪多天堂镇，活动性病变的患病率为4.8%；在沿海山脉的拉塔布拉达镇，患病率为3.6%。1991年新病例的发病率很高：第一个村庄为147%，第二个村庄为106%。这些数据远高于卫生部的统计数据。通过累加利什曼病的疤痕和活动性病变得出的累积患病率在埃斯孔迪多天堂镇高达66%，在拉塔布拉达镇为47%。大多数患者（62%）只有一处溃疡或疤痕。大多数人在居住在这些流行地区的头五年内受到感染。然而，所有年龄组的发病率仍然很高，因为大量来自非流行地区的移民不断在这些殖民地区定居。访谈表明，感染发生在7月至12月的旱季。这些发现得到了覆盖该地区的圣多明各埃加斯医院被动病例检测的证实。幼儿感染以及病变部位在面部表明存在家庭传播，就像在巴拿马和哥伦比亚太平洋沿岸一样。
