Decsi T, Koletzko B
Kinderpoliklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1994 Apr;83(395):31-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13226.x.
The availability of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP), such as arachidonic (C20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6n-3) acids, is important for early human growth and development. The capacity for endogenous synthesis of LCP from the precursor fatty acids linoleic (C18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic (C18:3n-3) acid is limited in preterm and probably also in term infants. In utero, LCPs seem to be transferred preferentially from the mother to the foetus by the placenta. After birth, breast-fed infants receive preformed dietary LCP with human milk. In contrast, most current infant formulae are devoid of LCP. Premature infants fed such formulae develop rapid LCP depletion of plasma and tissue lipids, which is associated with reduced visual acuity during the first postnatal months. Therefore, LCP enrichment of formulae for premature infants is desirable. Recent observations indicate that term infants fed conventional formulae also exhibit lower plasma LCP values and may show functional disadvantages, but these data require further confirmation prior to drawing definite conclusions.
长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCP）的可获得性，如花生四烯酸（C20:4n - 6）和二十二碳六烯酸（C22:6n - 3），对人类早期生长和发育很重要。早产婴儿以及足月婴儿从亚油酸（C18:2n - 6）和α-亚麻酸（C18:3n - 3）等前体脂肪酸内源性合成LCP的能力有限。在子宫内，LCP似乎通过胎盘优先从母亲转移至胎儿。出生后，母乳喂养的婴儿通过母乳获得预制的膳食LCP。相比之下，目前大多数婴儿配方奶粉不含LCP。用此类配方奶粉喂养的早产儿会出现血浆和组织脂质中LCP的快速消耗，这与出生后最初几个月视力下降有关。因此，给早产儿配方奶粉添加LCP是可取的。最近的观察结果表明，用传统配方奶粉喂养的足月婴儿血浆LCP值也较低，可能会出现功能缺陷，但在得出明确结论之前，这些数据需要进一步证实。
