Boehm G, Borte M, Böhles H J, Müller H, Kohn G, Moro G
Centre for Infant Nutrition, Milano, Italy.
Eur J Pediatr. 1996 May;155(5):410-6. doi: 10.1007/BF01955275.
The contents of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) of plasma and red blood cell membrane phospholipids were studied in 41 very low birth weight infants fed either breast milk (n = 18), a standard formula without long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with 20 or 22 carbon atoms (LCP) but with alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid (n = 11) or a formula additionally supplemented with n-3 and n-6 LCP in relations typical for human milk (n = 12) after 2, 6, and 10 weeks of feeding. The content of DHA and AA in plasma phospholipids declined in the infants fed the LCP-free formula but remained more or less constant during the whole feeding period in those infants fed breast milk as well as in those fed the LCP-supplemented formula. The differences between the group fed the LCP-free standard formula and the two groups fed LCP-containing diets became significant during the first 2 weeks of feeding. In contrast, there were no differences between the group fed breast milk and the group fed the supplemented formula during the study period. Similar effects could be observed regarding the composition of red blood cell membrane phospholipids, but the differences between the infants fed the LCP-free standard formula and the two other groups with LCP-containing diets were significant only for AA. The data indicate that very low birth weight infants are unable to synthesize LCP from alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in sufficient amounts to prevent a decline of LCP in plasma and red blood cell phospholipids. Additionally, the data show, that supplementation of formulas with n-3 and n-6 LCP in amounts typical for human milk fat results in similar fatty acid profiles of plasma and red blood cell membrane phospholipids as found during breast milk feeding.
Supplementation of formula with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids improves the LCP status of very low birth weight infants.
对41名极低出生体重儿进行了研究，这些婴儿分别喂养母乳（n = 18）、不含20或22个碳原子的长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCP）但含有α-亚麻酸和亚油酸的标准配方奶（n = 11）或按照母乳中典型比例额外添加n-3和n-6 LCP的配方奶（n = 12），喂养2周、6周和10周后，检测其血浆和红细胞膜磷脂中二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和花生四烯酸（AA）的含量。喂养不含LCP配方奶的婴儿血浆磷脂中DHA和AA的含量下降，而喂养母乳以及喂养添加LCP配方奶的婴儿在整个喂养期间含量基本保持不变。在喂养的前2周，喂养不含LCP标准配方奶的组与喂养含LCP饮食的两组之间的差异变得显著。相比之下，在研究期间，喂养母乳的组与喂养添加配方奶的组之间没有差异。关于红细胞膜磷脂的组成也观察到了类似的效果，但喂养不含LCP标准配方奶的婴儿与另外两组含LCP饮食的婴儿之间的差异仅在AA方面显著。数据表明，极低出生体重儿无法从α-亚麻酸和亚油酸中充分合成LCP以防止血浆和红细胞磷脂中LCP含量下降。此外，数据显示，按照母乳脂肪中典型的量向配方奶中添加n-3和n-6 LCP会使血浆和红细胞膜磷脂的脂肪酸谱与母乳喂养期间相似。
向配方奶中添加长链多不饱和脂肪酸可改善极低出生体重儿的LCP状况。
