Wang Y Y, Rappaport S M, Sawyer R F, Talcott R E, Wei E T
Cancer Lett. 1978 Jul;5(1):39-47. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3835(78)80009-3.
Particulate matter in city air contains chemicals which are mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay. In residential urban areas, the principal mutagens in air do not require liver enzymes to be activated. The source of these liver independent (direct-acting) mutagens may be automobile exhaust because (1) the mutagenic activities were correlated to the lead content or air, (2) the mutagens were found exhaust samples from automobiles and from an experimental CFR single-cylinder gasoline engine, and (3) these mutagens were not found in fuel or unused motor oil, but were found in used motor oil. The strain specificity and the fact that liver enzymes were not required for activation indicated that the exhaust and airborne mutagens were not unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), aromatic amines, alkylnitrosamines or aliphatic epoxides, peroxides and hydroepoxides. A number of nitro-substituted aromatic compounds are direct-acting mutagens in the Ames test, and it is possible that nitration of PAH in exhaust may form the compounds observed here. We synthesized 6-nitrobenzo [a] pyrene and found it to be a potent, direct-acting mutagen with activity comparable to that of benzo-[a] pyrene.
城市空气中的颗粒物含有在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌艾姆斯试验中具有致突变性的化学物质。在城市居民区，空气中的主要诱变剂不需要肝酶激活。这些不依赖肝脏（直接作用）的诱变剂的来源可能是汽车尾气，因为：（1）诱变活性与空气中的铅含量相关；（2）在汽车尾气样本以及一台实验性CFR单缸汽油发动机的尾气中发现了诱变剂；（3）在燃料或未使用的机油中未发现这些诱变剂，但在使用过的机油中发现了它们。菌株特异性以及激活过程不需要肝酶这一事实表明，尾气和空气中的诱变剂不是未取代的多环芳烃（PAH）、芳香胺、烷基亚硝胺或脂肪族环氧化物、过氧化物和氢过氧化物。一些硝基取代的芳香族化合物在艾姆斯试验中是直接作用的诱变剂，尾气中PAH的硝化作用可能形成此处观察到的化合物。我们合成了6-硝基苯并[a]芘，发现它是一种强效的直接作用诱变剂，其活性与苯并[a]芘相当。
