Grande R, Gutierrez E, Latorre E, Arguelles F
Departamento de Biología Animal (Antropología), Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Hum Biol. 1994 Jun;66(3):495-507.
Skin pigmentation is a physiological feature of great value and usefulness from both an anthropological point of view and a clinical point of view. This article is a first approach to the study of the skin pigmentation of 126 full-term newborn infants (37-42 weeks gestational age) at the Maternity Hospital "La Paz" (Madrid, Spain) using the reflectance method. We provide the normal patterns, which have to be taken into account when applying this method to detect transcutaneous bilirubin and some physiopathological conditions, such as hyperbilirubinemia, anemia, plethora, and hormonal disturbances. Measurements of the reflectance were taken at the forehead, the internal and external aspects of the arm, the thorax, and the gluteus with blue, green, and amber tristimulus filters. With all filters the least pigmented zone was the thorax, and the most pigmented zone was the forehead; the internal aspect of the arm, the gluteus, and the external aspect of the arm were intermediate in increasing order. Our data confirm a higher pigmentation at birth than during the first year. We think that the idea of cephalocaudal progression of hyperbilirubinemia must be rejected. Our results also indicate that the thickening of the skin with gestational age is one of the most important factors in the skin color changes of newborn infants with an apparently different rhythm in males than in females.
从人类学和临床角度来看，皮肤色素沉着都是一项具有重要价值和用途的生理特征。本文首次采用反射率法，对西班牙马德里“拉巴斯”妇产医院的126名足月新生儿（胎龄37 - 42周）的皮肤色素沉着进行研究。我们提供了正常模式，在应用该方法检测经皮胆红素以及某些生理病理状况（如高胆红素血症、贫血、多血质和激素紊乱）时必须予以考虑。使用蓝色、绿色和琥珀色三刺激滤光片，在额头、手臂内外侧、胸部和臀部进行反射率测量。在所有滤光片下，色素沉着最少的区域是胸部，色素沉着最多的区域是额头；手臂内侧、臀部和手臂外侧按色素沉着增加顺序介于两者之间。我们的数据证实，出生时的色素沉着高于出生后第一年。我们认为必须摒弃高胆红素血症头尾进展的观点。我们的结果还表明，随着胎龄增加皮肤增厚是新生儿皮肤颜色变化的最重要因素之一，男性和女性的变化节奏明显不同。
