Melnikow J, Bedinghaus J M
Department of Family Practice, University of California at Davis, Sacramento 95826.
J Fam Pract. 1994 Jul;39(1):56-64.
The benefits of breast-feeding have been well documented in the literature: it reduces morbidity from many illnesses and is considered the ideal nutrition for the newborn infant. This paper reviews common breast-feeding problems that family physicians may be called upon to manage: maternal problems, infant problems, and problems related to the need for maternal medication. Ensuring proper position of the infant at the breast and attention to the let-down reflex is the recommended method for prevention and treatment of nipple soreness. Prompt identification and treatment of blocked ducts, mastitis, and monilial infection of the nipple can prevent complications and allow uninterrupted nursing. Poor weight gain in the infant is managed by more frequent nursing. Neonatal jaundice or infant gastroenteritis rarely requires discontinuation of breast-feeding. Although physicians frequently recommend that women discontinue breast-feeding because of the administration of some maternal medications, maternal illness can often be managed with medications that do not interfere with nursing. Given proper advice and support, many mothers continue to breast-feed even after returning to work.
它可降低多种疾病的发病率，被视为新生儿的理想营养来源。本文综述了家庭医生可能需要处理的常见母乳喂养问题：母亲方面的问题、婴儿方面的问题以及与母亲用药需求相关的问题。确保婴儿在乳房处的正确姿势并关注喷乳反射是预防和治疗乳头疼痛的推荐方法。及时识别和治疗乳腺管堵塞、乳腺炎及乳头念珠菌感染可预防并发症并使母乳喂养不受干扰地进行。婴儿体重增加不佳可通过增加喂奶频率来解决。新生儿黄疸或婴儿肠胃炎很少需要停止母乳喂养。尽管医生常常因母亲服用某些药物而建议其停止母乳喂养，但母亲患病时通常可使用不干扰母乳喂养的药物进行治疗。给予适当的建议和支持后，许多母亲即使在重返工作岗位后仍会继续母乳喂养。
