Suedel B C, Boraczek J A, Peddicord R K, Clifford P A, Dillon T M
EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc., Hunt Valley, MD 21031.
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1994;136:21-89. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-2656-7_2.
This review summarizes information obtained from published literature to determine to what degree biomagnification of organic compounds and metals occurs in freshwater and marine food webs. This review was conducted by: (1) examining data from studies conducted in laboratory experiments to establish body burden ratios between trophic levels (trophic transfer coefficients; TTCs); (2) comparing laboratory-derived TTCs with data obtained from field studies; and (3) comparing biomagnification predictions described by published aquatic food-web models with data obtained in this review. It was determined that: (1) the majority of chemicals evaluated (both organic and metals) do not biomagnify in aquatic food webs; (2) for many of the compounds examined, considerable trophic transfer does occur in aquatic food webs; (3) DDT, DDE, PCBs, toxaphene, methyl mercury, total mercury, and arsenic have the potential to biomagnify in aquatic systems; (4) the lipid fraction of receptors directly influences biomagnification of lipophilic compounds; (5) the food web model reviewed provided similar estimates for most of the organic compounds examined (log Kow values between 5 and 7), with model predictions falling within the range of values of all compounds except dieldrin; (6) for many organic compounds, lack of information precludes assessing the relative importance of biomagnification for these contaminants; and (7) even those compounds for which evidence for biomagnification is strongest show considerable variability and uncertainty regarding the magnitude and existence of food-web biomagnification in aquatic systems.
本综述总结了从已发表文献中获取的信息，以确定有机化合物和金属在淡水和海洋食物网中的生物放大程度。本综述通过以下方式进行：（1）检查实验室实验研究的数据，以确定营养级之间的体内负荷比（营养转移系数；TTCs）；（2）将实验室得出的TTCs与实地研究获得的数据进行比较；（3）将已发表的水生食物网模型描述的生物放大预测与本综述中获得的数据进行比较。结果确定：（1）所评估的大多数化学物质（包括有机化合物和金属）在水生食物网中不会发生生物放大；（2）对于许多所研究的化合物，水生食物网中确实发生了相当程度的营养转移；（3）滴滴涕、滴滴伊、多氯联苯、毒杀芬、甲基汞、总汞和砷在水生系统中有生物放大的潜力；（4）受体的脂质部分直接影响亲脂性化合物的生物放大；（5）所审查的食物网模型对大多数所研究的有机化合物（log Kow值在5至7之间）提供了相似的估计，模型预测值落在除狄氏剂外所有化合物的值范围内；（6）对于许多有机化合物，缺乏信息使得无法评估生物放大对这些污染物的相对重要性；（7）即使是那些生物放大证据最确凿的化合物，在水生系统中食物网生物放大的程度和存在方面也表现出相当大的变异性和不确定性。
