Lidén C
Department of Occupational Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sci Total Environ. 1994 Jun 6;148(2-3):283-5. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90404-9.
Contact allergy to nickel is a large dermatological problem affecting 10-15% of women and 1% of men in the general population. The aim of this study was to illustrate the significance of occupational nickel exposure in men. Patch testing was carried out to identify patients with nickel allergy and the dimethylglyoxime test was used to identify sources of nickel exposure. 8% of the men and 30% of the women were patch-test positive to nickel. Most of the patients had hand eczema, and a few had facial eczema. Tools and equipment used in different jobs by workers such as carpenters, electricians, painters, and plumbers were often found to cause nickel release. Black-nickel plating is used for optical equipment while cold-sealing of aluminium with nickel is a method of treating anodized aluminium. Both black-nickel and cold-sealed aluminium were found to be unexpected causes of dermatitis due to nickel release. Sources of occupational nickel exposure are often missed by dermatologists, due to lack of knowledge. Occupational nickel exposure is however important to identify, and the dimethylglyoxime test is a helpful tool.
对镍的接触性过敏是一个严重的皮肤科问题，在普通人群中，有10% - 15%的女性和1%的男性受其影响。本研究的目的是阐明职业性镍暴露在男性中的重要性。进行斑贴试验以识别对镍过敏的患者，并使用丁二酮肟试验来识别镍暴露源。8%的男性和30%的女性对镍斑贴试验呈阳性。大多数患者患有手部湿疹，少数患有面部湿疹。经常发现木匠、电工、油漆工和水管工等工人在不同工作中使用的工具和设备会导致镍释放。光学设备使用黑镍镀层，而用镍对铝进行冷封是处理阳极氧化铝的一种方法。由于镍释放，黑镍和冷封铝都被发现是导致皮炎的意外原因。由于缺乏相关知识，皮肤科医生常常会忽略职业性镍暴露源。然而，识别职业性镍暴露很重要，丁二酮肟试验是一个有用的工具。
