Frye C A, Weisberg R B
Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155.
Women Health. 1994;21(1):33-55. doi: 10.1300/J013v21n01_03.
Routine gynecological care is important for the maintenance of good health and integral to early detection and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and cancer. Research indicates that both patients and clinicians find this examination anxiety provoking and, therefore, may fail to comply with optimal guidelines for routine care. Training techniques, effective for attenuating providers' and patients' anxiety, are reviewed. These include medical school programs for providers and seminars on women's health designed for lay people. In addition to providing training when there are fewer immediate stressors, methods for reducing anxiety may be employed proximate to exams. Providing informative, behavioral, and cognitive-behavioral techniques, emphasizing greater patient control, may be useful in decreasing anxiety associated with pelvic examinations. These latter techniques may be incorporated into providers' protocol for routine pelvic examinations and thereby may serve to enhance compliance for routine gynecological care.
常规妇科护理对于保持良好健康至关重要，也是性传播疾病和癌症早期检测与治疗不可或缺的一部分。研究表明，患者和临床医生都发现这种检查会引发焦虑，因此可能无法遵循常规护理的最佳指南。本文综述了对减轻医护人员和患者焦虑有效的培训技巧。这些技巧包括针对医护人员的医学院课程以及为普通大众设计的女性健康研讨会。除了在即时压力源较少时提供培训外，还可以在检查临近时采用减轻焦虑的方法。提供信息性、行为性和认知行为性技巧，强调患者有更大的控制权，可能有助于减少与盆腔检查相关的焦虑。这些后期技巧可以纳入医护人员的常规盆腔检查方案中，从而有助于提高常规妇科护理的依从性。
