Takahashi K, Okubo T
Department of Environmental Epidemiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan.
Occup Med (Lond). 1994 May;44(2):66-9. doi: 10.1093/occmed/44.2.66.
In Japan, the primary administrative authority of occupational health is the Ministry of Labour, and its legislative basis is the Industrial Safety and Health Law (ISH law). Occupational health is mandated by this law and its enforcement involves the appointment of an occupational health physician (OP) for workplaces with 50 or more workers, and a full-time OP for workplaces with 1000 or more workers. The actual percentage of appointments filled for the former group is 83.4 per cent, compared with 58.4 per cent for the latter. The estimated number of OPs is 34000, of which 2000 work full time. Worker health examination is mandatory for all workplaces and many OPs allocate considerable time to its implementation. Occupational health organizations provide occupational health services such as worker health examinations to meet the demand. Basic training courses for OPs are provided by the Japan Medical Association and advanced courses are provided by the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan. The Ministry of Labour recently launched a plan to establish occupational health centres to assist OPs at prefectural and regional levels. A network of such centres is planned to span the country within the next seven years.
在日本，职业健康的主要行政管理部门是劳工部，其立法依据是《工业安全与健康法》（ISH法）。该法律规定了职业健康相关事宜，其实施涉及为拥有50名及以上工人的工作场所任命一名职业健康医生（OP），为拥有1000名及以上工人的工作场所任命一名全职职业健康医生。前一类工作场所的实际任命率为83.4%，而后一类为58.4%。职业健康医生的估计人数为34000人，其中2000人全职工作。所有工作场所都必须进行工人健康检查，许多职业健康医生会为实施检查分配大量时间。职业健康组织提供诸如工人健康检查等职业健康服务以满足需求。日本医学协会为职业健康医生提供基础培训课程，日本职业与环境卫生大学提供进阶课程。劳工部最近启动了一项计划，要在县和地区层面建立职业健康中心以协助职业健康医生。计划在未来七年内建立一个覆盖全国的此类中心网络。
