Muto T, Higashi T, Mizoue T, Fukuwatari Y, Yoshimura T
Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Japan.
Occup Med (Lond). 1995 Oct;45(5):268-72. doi: 10.1093/occmed/45.5.268.
This study was performed to clarify the characteristics of multiple channels for occupational health services (OHS) to small-scale enterprises (SSEs) in Japan employing less than 50 workers by reviewing relevant research papers. OHS were provided to SSEs by both government organizations and non-government organizations. Government organizations included the Japanese Industrial Safety & Health Association, regional occupational health centres, prefectural occupational health promotion centres, and other health centres. Non-government organizations were parent companies, occupational health organizations, hospitals, medical associations, trade associations and health insurance societies. The quality of OHS in terms of provision of health personnel and the nature of their services differed greatly between the organizations. Health care programmes were more popular than management of the work environment or working practices in OHS to SSEs. Few organizations provided comprehensive OHS to SSEs. At present, parent companies and occupational health organizations appear to provide the best OHS available to SSEs in Japan.
本研究旨在通过回顾相关研究论文，阐明日本为员工少于50人的小企业提供职业健康服务（OHS）的多种渠道的特点。政府组织和非政府组织都为小企业提供职业健康服务。政府组织包括日本产业安全与健康协会、地区职业健康中心、县职业健康促进中心和其他健康中心。非政府组织有母公司、职业健康组织、医院、医学协会、行业协会和健康保险协会。各组织在提供卫生人员及其服务性质方面的职业健康服务质量差异很大。在为小企业提供的职业健康服务中，医疗保健方案比工作环境或工作实践管理更受欢迎。很少有组织为小企业提供全面的职业健康服务。目前，母公司和职业健康组织似乎为日本的小企业提供了现有的最佳职业健康服务。
