Schenck C H, Mahowald M W
University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis.
Int J Eat Disord. 1994 May;15(4):343-56. doi: 10.1002/eat.2260150405.
This review provides a historical background on sleep-related eating disorders, summarizes findings from a series of 38 adults, and presents a current classification. The "night-eating syndrome" was first reported in 1955; only nine reports on this syndrome appeared during the next 36 years, seven being single-case studies and two containing the objective monitoring of sleep, that is, polysomnography. In 1991 our sleep center reported on 19 cases, and in 1993 on 38 cases, diagnosed by polysomnography and clinical evaluations. Mean age was 39 years, mean duration of night-eating was 12 years, 66% were women, 68% had nightly binge eating, and 44% were overweight from night-eating. Sleepwalking was the predominant disorder responsible for night-eating; restless legs syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, and various other conditions (including two cases of anorexia nervosa) were also identified. Cognitive-behavioral therapies were ineffective, but pharmacotherapy was very effective in controlling night-eating and inducing loss of excess weight, and often consisted of a dopaminergic agent taken with codeine at bedtime. Thus, sleep-related eating can be an occult but often treatable cause of obesity. Further research, utilizing polysomnography, is encouraged.
本综述提供了与睡眠相关的饮食失调的历史背景，总结了对38名成年人的一系列研究结果，并给出了当前的分类。“夜间饮食综合征”于1955年首次报道；在接下来的36年里，关于该综合征的报告仅有9篇，其中7篇为单病例研究，2篇包含睡眠的客观监测，即多导睡眠图。1991年，我们的睡眠中心报告了19例病例，1993年报告了38例病例，均通过多导睡眠图和临床评估确诊。平均年龄为39岁，夜间饮食的平均持续时间为12年，66%为女性，68%有夜间暴饮暴食，44%因夜间饮食而超重。梦游是导致夜间饮食的主要障碍；还发现了不安腿综合征、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和其他各种情况（包括2例神经性厌食症）。认知行为疗法无效，但药物疗法在控制夜间饮食和减轻超重方面非常有效，通常包括在睡前服用一种多巴胺能药物和可待因。因此，与睡眠相关的饮食可能是肥胖的一个隐匿但通常可治疗的原因。鼓励利用多导睡眠图进行进一步研究。
