Domains of variables for understanding and improving retention in therapeutic communities.

This paper discusses the value of different domains of variables for understanding and improving retention in therapeutic communities for substance users. Retention is important because therapeutic communities have high rates of attrition, and no other variables have been found that have practical implications for improving client outcomes from programs. Research shows that most client variables do not predict retention, and those that do are generally weak and sporadic predictors. Treatment entry variables have been stronger and more consistent predictors of retention. The small amount of research that has been done on program and treatment variables suggests they are important predictors of retention. Research needs to focus less on client variables and more on variables from the other domains if it is to be more useful for understanding and improving retention in therapeutic communities.