Marini R P, Esteves M I, Fox J G
Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
Lab Anim. 1994 Apr;28(2):155-7. doi: 10.1258/002367794780745191.
The technique of catheterization of the urinary bladder, an important clinical skill for the diagnosis of urinary tract disorders, has not been described for the ferret. The bladder was catheterized in 23 ferrets (10 intact females; 11 spayed females; and 2 intact males) using a 3 1/2 French, red rubber urethral catheter fitted with a steel wire stylet. Ferrets were anaesthetized with isoflurane or ketamine (30 mg/kg IM) and xylazine (3 mg/kg IM). Females were positioned in ventral recumbency with the rear quarters elevated by a rolled surgical towel. The urethra was catheterized by direct visualization of the external urethral orifice using a vaginal speculum. The orifice was approximately 1 cm cranial to the clitoral fossa on the ventral floor of the vestibule. Blind passage was used in several spayed females. In males, the distal end of the penis was exteriorized from the prepuce and the external urethral orifice cannulated without stylet. No difficulty was encountered in advancing the catheter past the os penis. This catheterization technique allows urinary tract access for urine collection, pneumocystography, contrast cystography, double contrast cystography, and urine output determination in pharmacologic studies or in critical care of debilitated animals.
膀胱插管技术是诊断尿路疾病的一项重要临床技能，但雪貂的此项技术尚未见报道。本研究使用配有钢丝芯的3.5法式红色橡胶尿道导管，对23只雪貂（10只未绝育雌性；11只已绝育雌性；2只未绝育雄性）进行膀胱插管。雪貂用异氟烷或氯胺酮（30mg/kg，肌肉注射）和赛拉嗪（3mg/kg，肌肉注射）麻醉。雌性雪貂腹卧位，后躯用折叠的手术巾垫高。使用阴道窥器直接观察尿道外口，将导管插入尿道。尿道外口位于前庭腹侧的阴蒂窝前方约1cm处。几只已绝育雌性雪貂采用盲插法。雄性雪貂将阴茎远端从包皮中翻出，直接将导管插入尿道外口，不使用芯丝。导管通过阴茎骨并无困难。这种插管技术可用于尿路插管以收集尿液、进行气膀胱造影、造影剂膀胱造影、双重造影剂膀胱造影，以及在药理学研究或虚弱动物的重症护理中测定尿量。
