Hall H I, Dhara V R, Price-Green P A, Kaye W E
MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1994 Jul 22;43(2):1-6.
PROBLEM/CONDITION: A review of existing reporting systems indicated that not enough information was being collected to determine the public health consequences of emergency events involving hazardous substances.
January 1990 through December 1992.
State health departments in selected states collect and each quarter transmit information about the events, substances released, and the public health consequences of hazardous substance releases (i.e., morbidity, mortality, and evacuations) to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Five state health departments (Colorado, Iowa, Michigan, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin) began data collection on January 1, 1990. On January 1, 1992, the reporting state health departments included those from Colorado, Iowa, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Rhode Island, Washington, and Wisconsin.
During 1990-1992, 3,125 events were reported from participating states to ATSDR's Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system. Of these events, 2,391 (77%) were fixed-facility events (i.e., occurred at stationary facilities), and 723 (23%) were transportation related. In 88% of events, a single chemical was released. The most frequently released hazardous substances were volatile organic compounds (18% of the total 4,034 substances released), herbicides (15%), acids (14%), and ammonias (11%). In 467 events (15% of all events), 1,446 persons were injured; 11 persons died as a result of these injuries. Respiratory irritation (37%) and eye irritation (23%) were the most frequently reported health effects. A total of 457 (15%) events resulted in evacuations; of these, 400 (88%) were ordered by an official (e.g., a police officer or firefighter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
问题/状况：对现有报告系统的审查表明，收集到的信息不足以确定涉及有害物质的紧急事件对公共卫生的影响。
1990年1月至1992年12月。
选定州的州卫生部门收集并每季度向有毒物质与疾病登记署（ATSDR）传输有关事件、释放物质以及有害物质释放对公共卫生影响（即发病率、死亡率和疏散情况）的信息。五个州卫生部门（科罗拉多州、爱荷华州、密歇根州、新罕布什尔州和威斯康星州）于1990年1月1日开始数据收集。1992年1月1日，参与报告的州卫生部门包括来自科罗拉多州、爱荷华州、新罕布什尔州、纽约州、北卡罗来纳州、俄勒冈州、罗德岛州、华盛顿州和威斯康星州的部门。
1990 - 1992年期间，参与州向ATSDR的有害物质紧急事件监测（HSEES）系统报告了3125起事件。在这些事件中，2391起（77%）是固定设施事件（即发生在固定设施处），723起（23%）与运输有关。在88%的事件中，释放了单一化学物质。最常释放的有害物质是挥发性有机化合物（占释放的4034种物质总数的18%）、除草剂（15%）、酸（14%）和氨（11%）。在467起事件（占所有事件的15%）中，1446人受伤；其中11人因伤死亡。呼吸道刺激（37%）和眼部刺激（23%）是最常报告的健康影响。共有457起（15%）事件导致疏散；其中，400起（88%）是由官员（如警察或消防员）下令的。（摘要截断于250字）
