Geelhoed E N, MacRae A W, Ennis D M
University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Percept Psychophys. 1994 Apr;55(4):473-7. doi: 10.3758/bf03205304.
Earlier data showed that subjects presented with two samples of distilled water and one of tap water were significantly more consistent in choosing the tap water as preferred than in identifying it as the odd sample in the set. The results were sometimes interpreted as demonstrating greater sensitivity for hedonic judgments than for oddity judgments. They are now shown to be explained by the statistical properties of the decision rules followed in different judgment tasks. In a new experiment, oddity and preference judgements were obtained in a replication of the original task with extra conditions. In two of the new conditions, the decision structure of a preference task was the same as that for the oddity task; in these conditions, performance was no better than with explicit oddity responses. The Thurstone-Ura model of triangle judgments proposed by Frijters predicts the results as an outcome of the greater statistical power of three-alternative forced choice tests compared with triangular tests. An excellent fit to all the data is given by a model wherein all subjects have the same d' for the difference between the water types but 25% of them prefer distilled water to tap water.
早期数据表明，当给受试者呈现两份蒸馏水样本和一份自来水样本时，他们在选择自来水作为偏好样本方面比将其识别为该组中的异常样本更为一致。这些结果有时被解释为表明享乐判断比异常判断具有更高的敏感性。现在表明，这些结果可以用不同判断任务中所遵循的决策规则的统计特性来解释。在一项新实验中，通过对原始任务增加额外条件进行重复，获得了异常判断和偏好判断。在其中两个新条件下，偏好任务的决策结构与异常任务相同；在这些条件下，表现并不比明确的异常反应更好。弗里杰特斯提出的三角形判断的瑟斯顿 - 乌拉模型将这些结果预测为三项选择强制选择测试比三角形测试具有更大统计效力的结果。通过一个模型可以很好地拟合所有数据，在该模型中，所有受试者对不同类型水之间差异的d'相同，但其中25%的人更喜欢蒸馏水而不是自来水。
