Skolnick M L
Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994 Aug;163(2):291-5. doi: 10.2214/ajr.163.2.8037017.
Placement of large-bore central venous catheters via a jugular or subclavian vein is becoming increasingly common. Although the great majority of these catheters are successfully placed by clinicians using anatomic landmark techniques, this procedure is neither innocuous nor always successful. Serious complications, including hematomas, arterial injury, and pneumothorax can occur. The patient may experience considerable discomfort when multiple needle passes are made. Sonographic imaging of the jugular and subclavian veins can significantly improve the safety, speed, and comfort of the procedure by defining the vascular anatomy of the jugular and subclavian veins before puncture, showing complications from prior attempts or placements of central venous catheters in these vessels, and providing guidance for needle puncture of the jugular and subclavian veins.
经颈静脉或锁骨下静脉放置大口径中心静脉导管的操作日益常见。尽管绝大多数此类导管由临床医生使用解剖标志技术成功放置，但该操作并非毫无风险，也并非总能成功。可能会出现严重并发症，包括血肿、动脉损伤和气胸。进行多次穿刺时患者可能会感到相当不适。通过在穿刺前明确颈静脉和锁骨下静脉的血管解剖结构、显示先前尝试或在这些血管中放置中心静脉导管的并发症，并为颈静脉和锁骨下静脉的穿刺提供指导，颈静脉和锁骨下静脉的超声成像可显著提高该操作的安全性、速度和舒适度。
