Perkins K A, Sexton J E, DiMarco A, Fonte C
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213.
Appetite. 1994 Apr;22(2):149-58. doi: 10.1006/appe.1994.1014.
Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced body weight, an effect which has often been attributed to acute anorectic actions of nicotine. In this study, male and female smokers (n = 10 each), abstinent overnight from smoking and food, participated in three 2-h sessions, involving intermittent, controlled exposure to their usual cigarette (mean yield = 0.75 mg nicotine), a very low nicotine cigarette (0.1 mg) or an unlit cigarette. Hunger and cigarette craving were assessed throughout each session, which ended with ad libitum consumption of a variety of food items ("lunch"). Plasma nicotine analyses confirmed successful control of nicotine exposure via smoking. Results indicated no differences across cigarette conditions in hunger, in contrast to the sharp differences in cigarette craving. There were no differences in total caloric intake, or in macronutrient or taste selection. There were also no differences in any responses to smoking condition as a function of gender. These findings cast into question the commonly held notion that nicotine or smoking has acute anorectic actions in smokers.
吸烟与体重减轻有关，这种影响通常归因于尼古丁的急性食欲抑制作用。在本研究中，10名男性吸烟者和10名女性吸烟者在夜间禁烟和禁食后，参加了三个2小时的试验环节，期间间歇性、控制性地接触他们常用的香烟（平均尼古丁含量 = 0.75毫克）、极低尼古丁香烟（0.1毫克）或未点燃的香烟。在每个试验环节中均对饥饿感和烟瘾进行评估，每个环节最后自由进食各种食物（“午餐”）。血浆尼古丁分析证实通过吸烟成功控制了尼古丁接触量。结果表明，与烟瘾的显著差异形成对比的是，不同香烟条件下的饥饿感没有差异。总热量摄入、常量营养素或口味选择方面也没有差异。作为性别函数的任何吸烟条件反应也没有差异。这些发现对尼古丁或吸烟在吸烟者中具有急性食欲抑制作用这一普遍观念提出了质疑。
