Schuh K J, Stitzer M L
Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995 Aug;120(3):289-95. doi: 10.1007/BF02311176.
This study examined the detailed time course of desire to smoke self-reports during brief periods of tobacco smoking deprivation to determine how these reports are related to amount and spacing of scheduled smoking. During four independent sessions, subjects (n = 10) smoked cigarettes at 30-, 60-, or 120-min intervals, or only smoked a single cigarette at the end of the 6-h session. At 15-min intervals, subjects answered four analog scale questions measuring their desire to smoke which were averaged to produce a single score. Mean desire to smoke scores were 28, 43, 59 and 71 in the 30-, 60-, 120- and 360-min cigarette spacing conditions, respectively, indicating an orderly relationship with amount of scheduled smoking. Patterns of change were similar across repeated observations and during several different deprivation intervals. Desire to smoke ratings, although temporarily suppressed by smoking, began rising within minutes of smoking and increased to near maximum levels (about 80 on a 100-point scale) after fewer than 3 h of abstinence. The observed rapid escalation in desire to smoke ratings during brief periods of abstinence is consistent with cigarette craving being reported by regular smokers who are not trying to quit. Further, if cravings can be accepted as a feature of tobacco withdrawal, the results support the view that avoidance of withdrawal is an important factor that maintains regular cigarette smoking.
本研究考察了在短期戒烟期间自我报告的吸烟欲望的详细时间进程，以确定这些报告与定时吸烟的量和间隔时间之间的关系。在四个独立的时间段中，受试者（n = 10）以30分钟、60分钟或120分钟的间隔吸烟，或者在6小时的时间段结束时只吸一支烟。每隔15分钟，受试者回答四个模拟量表问题，测量他们的吸烟欲望，这些问题的得分平均后得出一个单一分数。在30分钟、60分钟、120分钟和360分钟的香烟间隔条件下，平均吸烟欲望得分分别为28、43、59和71，表明与定时吸烟量呈有序关系。在重复观察和几个不同的戒烟间隔期间，变化模式相似。吸烟欲望评分虽然会因吸烟而暂时受到抑制，但在吸烟后几分钟内就开始上升，在戒烟不到3小时后就会升至接近最高水平（在100分制中约为80分）。在短期戒烟期间观察到的吸烟欲望评分的迅速上升，与未试图戒烟的经常吸烟者报告的烟瘾一致。此外，如果可以将烟瘾视为烟草戒断的一个特征，那么这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即避免戒断是维持定期吸烟的一个重要因素。
