Cooper R A, Gunter B A, Ramamurthy L
Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153.
Radiology. 1994 Jun;191(3):651-6. doi: 10.1148/radiology.191.3.8037795.
To evaluate mammographic findings in men with abnormality of the breast.
The most common indications for mammography, performed in 263 men (mean age, 62 years; range, 19-93 years), were breast tenderness in 88 men (33%) and palpable mass in 79 men (30%). All chief symptoms and all mammographic findings were categorized. Biopsy results were correlated with mammographic findings in 24 patients. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 8 years 4 months (mean, 3 years 4 months).
The most common mammographic finding was gynecomastia in 213 men (81%). Gynecomastia was unilateral or asymmetric in 168 men (72%). Biopsy results in 14 patients with gynecomastia were negative for cancer; the 199 other patients did not have cancer at follow-up. Six patients had breast cancer: Four had primary breast cancer, and two had metastases to the breast from extramammary malignancies. No cancer had the mammographic appearance of gynecomastia. None of the 43 patients younger than age 50 years had cancer.
A man with breast enlargement or a palpable mass who has the mammographic diagnosis of gynecomastia need not undergo biopsy unless there are other strong clinical indications [corrected]. A man younger than age 50 years with diffuse breast enlargement or a palpable, nonindurated, central, subareolar mass need not undergo mammography unless there are other strong clinical indications.
评估男性乳腺异常的乳房X线摄影表现。
对263名男性（平均年龄62岁；范围19 - 93岁）进行乳房X线摄影，最常见的指征是88名男性（33%）的乳房压痛和79名男性（30%）可触及肿块。对所有主要症状和所有乳房X线摄影表现进行分类。24例患者的活检结果与乳房X线摄影表现相关。随访时间为6个月至8年4个月（平均3年4个月）。
最常见的乳房X线摄影表现是213名男性（81%）的男性乳腺增生。168名男性（72%）的男性乳腺增生为单侧或不对称。14例男性乳腺增生患者的活检结果为癌症阴性；其他199例患者在随访时未患癌症。6例患有乳腺癌：4例为原发性乳腺癌，2例为乳腺外恶性肿瘤转移至乳腺。没有癌症具有男性乳腺增生的乳房X线摄影表现。43名年龄小于50岁的患者均未患癌症。
乳房增大或可触及肿块且乳房X线摄影诊断为男性乳腺增生的男性，除非有其他强烈的临床指征，否则无需进行活检[已修正]。年龄小于50岁且乳房弥漫性增大或可触及、非硬结、位于中央乳晕下肿块的男性，除非有其他强烈的临床指征，否则无需进行乳房X线摄影。
