Is there a role for albumin administration in nutrition support?

OBJECTIVE

To review the administration of exogenous albumin in patients receiving nutritional support and determine if the use of albumin is supported by controlled trials.

DATA SOURCES

MEDLINE search of English-language literature using the key terms albumin, parenteral nutrition, and enteral nutrition. The references of articles identified were also searched.

STUDY SELECTION

Studies examining the administration of exogenous albumin to hypoalbuminemic patients receiving nutrition support.

DATA EXTRACTION

Results from prospective randomized trials are presented in detail. Data from noncontrolled and animal studies are presented in areas where human controlled trials are limited.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Albumin is a marker of malnutrition and numerous studies have demonstrated that a low serum albumin concentration is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Investigators have attempted to improve outcome through the administration of exogenous albumin. The results of controlled trials examining exogenous albumin administration have been equivocal. One study demonstrated a significant decrease in overall complications, pneumonia, and sepsis. In two other controlled trials, albumin administration failed to decrease complications. None of the studies demonstrated a significant decrease in mortality or length of stay. A low serum albumin concentration has also been linked to intolerance to enteral feedings. Although case reports and one study support the administration of albumin, two prospective controlled trials have failed to demonstrate improved tolerance to enteral feeding in hypoalbuminemic patients receiving exogenous albumin.

CONCLUSIONS

Evidence to date is insufficient to support the routine administration of exogenous albumin to hypoalbuminemic patients receiving nutrition support.