Whitehurst G J, Fischel J E
Department of Psychology, SUNY, Stony Brook 11794-2500.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1994 May;35(4):613-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01210.x.
Early developmental language delay is characterized by slow development of language in preschoolers. The condition is frequent among two- and three-year-olds, causes concern among parents, and generates differences of opinion as to significance among informed professionals. Poorer long-term outcomes are much more likely if language delay persists until the later preschool years, and if the delay is not specific to language and/or includes problems in understanding. Specific language delay in the preschool period is better characterized as a risk factor than a disorder; most children with specific language delay recover to the normal range by five years of age.
早期发育性语言迟缓的特征是学龄前儿童语言发展缓慢。这种情况在两岁和三岁儿童中很常见,引起家长担忧,并且在专业人士中对于其重要性也存在意见分歧。如果语言迟缓持续到学龄前后期,或者如果这种迟缓并非仅限于语言且/或包括理解方面的问题,那么长期预后较差的可能性会大得多。学龄前时期的特定语言迟缓更适合被视为一种风险因素而非一种疾病;大多数患有特定语言迟缓的儿童到五岁时会恢复到正常范围。