Rogers D G
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio.
Am Fam Physician. 1994 Aug;50(2):344-50.
Among thyroid diseases occurring in children are congenital hypothyroidism, acquired hypothyroidism, Graves' disease, subacute thyroiditis and thyroid nodules. Evaluation for suspected hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can be accomplished efficiently with a serum free thyroxine level and the new, highly sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone assays. Rarely, measuring various thyroid antibody titers may be required to better define a particular thyroid disease. Solitary thyroid nodules in children occasionally represent malignancy. Evaluation of such lesions with radioisotope scanning and ultrasonography is helpful. In children, however, surgical excision is still required to definitively determine whether a nodule is malignant.
儿童甲状腺疾病包括先天性甲状腺功能减退症、后天性甲状腺功能减退症、格雷夫斯病、亚急性甲状腺炎和甲状腺结节。通过检测血清游离甲状腺素水平以及新型高敏促甲状腺激素检测，可有效评估疑似甲状腺功能减退或亢进的情况。极少数情况下，可能需要检测各种甲状腺抗体滴度以更好地明确特定的甲状腺疾病。儿童孤立性甲状腺结节偶尔可能为恶性。放射性核素扫描和超声检查有助于评估此类病变。然而，对于儿童，仍需手术切除才能最终确定结节是否为恶性。
