Lee H A
Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1975 Feb;56(2):59-68.
The catabolic reaction to operation or severe trauma will give rise to a real risk of starvation unless sufficient attention is paid to the patient's energy and nitrogen requirements as well as to his fluid and electrolyte balance. The indications for intravenous nutrition in such cases are outlined and the various preparations available for the supply of energy and nitrogen are detailed. In the planning of an intravenous feeding regimen the patient's daily nitrogen losses must be estimated and a formula is provided for this purpose. The technique of parenteral nutrition is discussed and attention drawn to the various metabolic and complications that may be encountered. Neither hepatic impairment nor renal failure need be regarded as a contra-indication to intravenous feeding.
手术或严重创伤后的分解代谢反应会引发真正的饥饿风险,除非充分关注患者的能量和氮需求以及其液体和电解质平衡。文中概述了此类情况下静脉营养的适应证,并详细介绍了用于提供能量和氮的各种制剂。在规划静脉喂养方案时,必须估算患者每日的氮损失,并为此提供了一个公式。文中讨论了肠外营养技术,并提请注意可能遇到的各种代谢问题和并发症。肝功能损害和肾衰竭都不应被视为静脉喂养的禁忌证。