Franklin R, Baer H
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1975 May;55(5):285-98. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(75)90001-9.
The use of honeybee venoms and their components may assist in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of reactions to honeybee stings. This initial study compared venoms from various sources by chemical and biological assays, and significant variations were observed. Ten different bee venoms were compared by nitrogen analysis, mouse toxicity, hyaluronidase content, and antigenicity. Based on mouse toxicity, hyaluronidase content, and gel diffusion analysis, two groups of bee venoms could be differentiated. Venoms in one group, Group A, were more toxic, contained hyaluronidase, and showed an additional precipitin band. All venoms contained mellitin as a major fraction, which formed nonimmune precipitin bands during gel diffusion analysis. Gel filtration chromatography and dialysis separated the venoms into components that were then identified by enzyme assays, rat mast cell degranulation, hemolytic activity, and gel diffusion analysis. The venoms within Group A showed similar components, some of which, most noticeably hyaluronidase, were not present in Group B. Dialysis showed that a large portion of the venom could pass through a cellophane membrane including a portion of the phospholipase A. Heterogeneous molecular weights were found for phospholipase A by both gel filtration and dialysis, and may reflect variation in carbohydrate content. It appears that bee venom variability for whatever reason, a heterogeneous MW antigen, and a non-immune precipitable component require careful consideration in any study involving this venomm. These studies have yielded relatively pure, identified bee venom components which can be employed in further studies investigating reactions to honeybee stings.
蜜蜂毒液及其成分的使用可能有助于阐明对蜜蜂蜇伤反应的病理生理学。这项初步研究通过化学和生物学检测比较了来自不同来源的毒液，观察到了显著差异。通过氮分析、小鼠毒性、透明质酸酶含量和抗原性对十种不同的蜜蜂毒液进行了比较。基于小鼠毒性、透明质酸酶含量和凝胶扩散分析，可以区分两组蜜蜂毒液。一组（A组）毒液毒性更强，含有透明质酸酶，并显示出一条额外的沉淀带。所有毒液都含有蜂毒肽作为主要成分，在凝胶扩散分析中形成非免疫沉淀带。凝胶过滤色谱法和透析法将毒液分离成不同成分，然后通过酶检测、大鼠肥大细胞脱颗粒、溶血活性和凝胶扩散分析对这些成分进行鉴定。A组内的毒液显示出相似的成分，其中一些成分，最明显的是透明质酸酶，在B组中不存在。透析表明，大部分毒液可以透过赛璐玢膜，包括一部分磷脂酶A。通过凝胶过滤和透析发现磷脂酶A的分子量不均一，这可能反映了碳水化合物含量的差异。无论出于何种原因，蜜蜂毒液的变异性、异质的分子量抗原和非免疫可沉淀成分在任何涉及这种毒液的研究中都需要仔细考虑。这些研究已经获得了相对纯净、已鉴定的蜜蜂毒液成分，可用于进一步研究蜜蜂蜇伤反应。
