Goodman S H, Cooley E L, Sewell D R, Leavitt N
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
Community Ment Health J. 1994 Jun;30(3):259-69. doi: 10.1007/BF02188886.
Depressed, schizophrenic, and well low-income, African-American women were studied in an effort to extend previous hypotheses of the association between depression and the two personality constructs of low self-esteem and externality to this population. Subjects were 113 low income African-American women including 26 who had been diagnosed as depressed, 54 diagnosed as schizophrenic, and 33 well women. Locus of control was measured with the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale (Nowicki & Duke, 1974). Self-esteem was measured with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Contrary to predictions, a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but not depression, was associated with more external locus of control. For self-esteem, severity of disturbance, rather than diagnosis, seemed to be of primary importance. Also, lower self-esteem scores were correlated significantly with higher levels of externality for both depressed and schizophrenic women but not for well controls. The present study indicates that self-esteem and locus of control are related to depression differently in low socio-economic status (SES) African-American women than in previously studied middle SES depressed whites. The findings emphasize the need for more normative studies to clarify the complex relations among SES, race, emotional disturbance, self-esteem, and locus of control.
对患有抑郁症、精神分裂症的低收入非裔美国女性以及健康的低收入非裔美国女性进行了研究，旨在将先前关于抑郁症与低自尊和外控性这两个人格结构之间关联的假设扩展到该人群。研究对象为113名低收入非裔美国女性，其中26人被诊断为患有抑郁症，54人被诊断为患有精神分裂症，33人身体健康。采用成人诺维茨基 - 斯特里克兰内外控量表（诺维茨基和杜克，1974年）测量控制点。采用罗森伯格自尊量表（罗森伯格，1965年）测量自尊。与预测相反，精神分裂症诊断（而非抑郁症诊断）与更外控的控制点相关。对于自尊而言，干扰的严重程度而非诊断似乎最为重要。此外，抑郁和精神分裂症女性的自尊得分较低与更高水平的外控性显著相关，但健康对照组则不然。本研究表明，社会经济地位较低（SES）的非裔美国女性中，自尊和控制点与抑郁症的关系与先前研究的中等SES抑郁白人不同。研究结果强调需要进行更多规范性研究，以阐明社会经济地位、种族、情绪障碍、自尊和控制点之间的复杂关系。
