Peralta V, Cuesta M J
Psychiatric Unit, Virgen del Camino Hospital, Pamplona, Spain.
Compr Psychiatry. 1994 May-Jun;35(3):198-204. doi: 10.1016/0010-440x(94)90192-9.
The current status of subjective experiences in schizophrenia is examined. Subjective experiences are very frequent disorders in schizophrenic patients, and their study has been largely neglected. Recently, a number of scales that evaluate subjective experiences have been published, and although the psychometric properties of most scales have not been sufficiently studied, they seem to have adequate interrater reliability, internal consistency, and convergent validity. A higher number of subjective experiences is associated with the female sex and is inversely correlated with the level of education and lack of insight into illness. Hypothetically, subjective experiences are ascribed to impairments of information processing; however, studies on the relationship between these symptoms and measures of information processing are scarce and contradictory. In the acute stage of the illness, subjective experiences are associated with positive symptoms, and at this stage they may reflect the process activity of schizophrenia. In the remission stage of the illness, subjective experiences are related to negative symptoms, and they constitute the subjective correlate of the psychological deficit. A theory of subjective experiences within the framework of the vulnerability/stress model of schizophrenia is proposed.
本文探讨了精神分裂症患者主观体验的现状。主观体验在精神分裂症患者中非常常见，但对其研究在很大程度上被忽视了。最近，一些评估主观体验的量表已经发表，尽管大多数量表的心理测量特性尚未得到充分研究，但它们似乎具有足够的评分者间信度、内部一致性和收敛效度。主观体验较多与女性性别相关，且与教育水平及对疾病缺乏洞察力呈负相关。从理论上讲，主观体验归因于信息处理受损；然而，关于这些症状与信息处理测量之间关系的研究很少且相互矛盾。在疾病的急性期，主观体验与阳性症状相关，在此阶段它们可能反映精神分裂症的进程活动。在疾病的缓解期，主观体验与阴性症状相关，它们构成了心理缺陷的主观对应物。本文提出了一个在精神分裂症易感性/应激模型框架内的主观体验理论。
