Ibrahim S A, Babiker A G, Amin I K, Omer M I, Rushwan H
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1994 Apr;8(2):193-204. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00450.x.
In a community-based prospective study, 6275 deliveries resulting in 6084 livebirths, 150 stillbirths (SB) and 167 neonatal deaths (NND) were monitored over a period of 3 years. The risk of an unfavourable outcome (SB or NND) in multiple pregnancies was more than ninefold that of singletons. Teenage mothers and those over 34 years of age ran nearly twice the risk of having an unfavourable outcome of pregnancy compared with mothers aged 20-29 years. First pregnancy and grand-multiparity (greater than eight previous pregnancies) carried a similar risk of an unfavourable outcome compared with mothers with 1-4 previous pregnancies. The most serious risk factor was the adverse outcome of the previous pregnancy. Compared with mothers whose last outcome had resulted in a livebirth surviving at least 30 days, mothers with a previous SB had seven times the risk (adjusted for age and parity) of SB and more than twice the risk of NND in the current pregnancy. Maternal illiteracy was associated with significantly higher risk of NND, and this rate decreased with increasing years of education. Frequency of antenatal visits had a marginally significant effect on the SB rate. Socioeconomic factors, diet and iron supplementation during pregnancy did not seem to affect the outcome.
在一项基于社区的前瞻性研究中，对3年内6275例分娩进行了监测，其中有6084例活产、150例死产（SB）和167例新生儿死亡（NND）。多胎妊娠出现不良结局（死产或新生儿死亡）的风险是单胎妊娠的9倍多。与20 - 29岁的母亲相比，青少年母亲和34岁以上的母亲出现不良妊娠结局的风险几乎高出一倍。初孕和多产（既往妊娠次数超过8次）与有1 - 4次既往妊娠的母亲相比，出现不良结局的风险相似。最严重的风险因素是既往妊娠的不良结局。与上次妊娠结局为活产且存活至少30天的母亲相比，既往有死产史的母亲在本次妊娠中出现死产的风险（经年龄和产次调整）是前者的7倍，出现新生儿死亡的风险是前者的两倍多。母亲文盲与新生儿死亡风险显著升高相关，且该比率随着受教育年限的增加而降低。产前检查频率对死产率有轻微的显著影响。社会经济因素、孕期饮食和铁补充剂似乎并未影响妊娠结局。
