Locke K W, Fielding S
Interneuron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Lexington, MA 02173.
Physiol Behav. 1994 Jun;55(6):1039-46. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(94)90385-9.
The ingestion of salt (NaCl) in most societies far exceeds levels that are considered necessary and safe. To reduce salt intake, a rat model of salt taste acceptance was created to identify novel, more palatable salt substitutes/enhancers. To induce salt craving, male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a low-salt diet and injected weekly (SC) with either 100 mg/kg of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) or its vehicle, peanut oil. Following 16 h of fluid deprivation, intake was evaluated in a one-bottle acceptance procedure. The DOCA-injected animals consumed large volumes of salt-containing solutions (up to 120 ml in 2 h) and showed sensitivity to and specificity for the salt taste (generally lacking acceptance of dextrose, KCl, ammonium chloride, and water solutions). Using this model, choline chloride was identified as having salt taste-enhancing properties. Choline chloride (0.1-0.7%) significantly enhanced the intake of a dilute salt solution (0.1%). The relevance of the rat model was demonstrated in human taste trials; choline chloride enhanced the palatability of and preference for foods containing this compound. The results of the present experiments support the use of this animal model for evaluating compounds for salt-like taste qualities and suggest that choline chloride will be an effective salt taste enhancer in man.
在大多数社会中，盐（氯化钠）的摄入量远远超过了被认为必要和安全的水平。为了减少盐的摄入量，建立了一个盐味接受的大鼠模型，以识别新型的、更可口的盐替代品/增强剂。为了诱导对盐的渴望，将雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠置于低盐饮食中，每周皮下注射100 mg/kg的醋酸脱氧皮质酮（DOCA）或其载体花生油。在禁水16小时后，通过单瓶接受程序评估摄入量。注射DOCA的动物大量饮用含盐溶液（2小时内可达120毫升），并对盐味表现出敏感性和特异性（通常不接受葡萄糖、氯化钾、氯化铵和水溶液）。利用这个模型，发现氯化胆碱具有增强盐味的特性。氯化胆碱（0.1-0.7%）显著增加了稀盐溶液（0.1%）的摄入量。大鼠模型的相关性在人体味觉试验中得到了证实；氯化胆碱提高了含有该化合物的食物的适口性和偏好性。本实验结果支持使用这种动物模型来评估具有类似盐味品质的化合物，并表明氯化胆碱将是一种有效的人体盐味增强剂。
