Gautsch T L, Johnson E E, Seeger L L
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine 90024.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994 Aug(305):138-51.
Fractures of the acetabulum can cause the pelvis to shatter into a wide array of complex configurations which can be difficult to fully delineate preoperatively. In addition to plain radiography and standard computed tomography, technology now allows the reconstruction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) data into virtual objects; three dimensional (3D) representations of anatomy which exist only within the computer memory. Printouts and photographs of 3D reconstructions provide another level of anatomic information to the orthopaedic surgeon. However, current standard displays such as computer and video screens and photographic and radiographic film are all two dimensional (2D) modalities. Displaying 3D reconstructions in this standard 2D fashion, inescapably robs the images of up to one third of the information contained within them--all the true depth information which is the essence of 3D. Shading techniques and perspective have both been utilized to simulate depth, but true depth is still lacking. Recently, the authors have begun using a technique of computerized 3D reconstruction and recording which provides a true 3D display of the reconstructed images. The resultant gain in image realism is profound, somewhat similar to hearing full stereo audiophonic recording compared to monophonic, or to seeing in color rather than black and white. The image generation and display process is a computerized mathematical adaptation of the photographic technique of stereophotography. Once in place, the technique is relatively simple to use and can be achieved in several ways with a minimum of additional hardware. Potential benefits lie in the method's ability to convey, in one 3D display, the true 3D, spatial anatomic configuration of the imaged pelvis. The methods described are common to those forming the fundamental basis for virtual reality imaging. Current users of some 3D reconstruction systems can now easily generate images which can be viewed with all of the depth information restored, into a true 3D display.
髋臼骨折可导致骨盆破碎成多种复杂形态，术前难以完全描绘清楚。除了普通X线摄影和标准计算机断层扫描外，现在的技术还能将磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）数据重建为虚拟物体，即仅存在于计算机内存中的三维（3D）解剖结构表示。3D重建的打印件和照片为骨科医生提供了另一层面的解剖信息。然而，当前的标准显示方式，如计算机和视频屏幕以及摄影和射线胶片，都是二维（2D）模式。以这种标准的2D方式显示3D重建图像，不可避免地会损失其中多达三分之一的信息——所有作为3D本质的真实深度信息。阴影技术和透视法都已被用于模拟深度，但仍缺乏真实深度。最近，作者们开始使用一种计算机化3D重建和记录技术，该技术能对重建图像进行真实的3D显示。图像真实感的提升非常显著，有点类似于从单声道听觉转换为全立体声听觉录制，或者从黑白视觉转换为彩色视觉。图像生成和显示过程是摄影立体摄影技术的计算机化数学应用。一旦到位，该技术使用相对简单，并且可以通过最少的额外硬件以多种方式实现。潜在的好处在于该方法能够在一个3D显示中传达成像骨盆的真实3D空间解剖结构。所描述的方法对于构成虚拟现实成像基础的那些方法来说是常见的。一些3D重建系统的当前用户现在可以轻松生成能够以恢复所有深度信息的方式进行查看的图像，实现真正的3D显示。
