Azorin J M, Bovier P, Chiaroni P, Dufour H, Gaillard J M, Jeanningros J, Pringuey D, Raucoules D, Samuelian-Massat C, Widmer J
Médecin chef de division, Institutions Universitaires de Psychiatrie, Chêne-Bourg, Suisse.
Encephale. 1994 Mar-Apr;20(2):111-9.
According to the monoaminergic hypothesis of affective and schizophrenic syndromes, a perturbation of influx of precursors of monoamines such as tyrosine (TYR) and tryptophan (TRYP) into the brain might be correlated with the clinical syndromes. The measure of blood cell membrane transports of TYR and TRYP is an interesting peripheral model for the study of these syndromes. This work concerns 395 patients (335 depressed and 60 schizophrenics); 215 of depressed patients were followed after the antidepressant therapy. The transport of TYR and TRYP into erythrocytes was measured as followed: erythrocytes were incubated in plasma for 10 min. at 0 degree and 37 degrees C with radiolabeled TYR and TRYP; facilitated diffusion was calculated by subtracting from the total amount of radioactivity taken up by the cells at 37 degrees C (total uptake) that accumulated at 0 degree C (passive diffusion). The results showed that: 1) The depressive syndromes were characterised by a decrease of facilitated diffusion of TYR, an increase of facilitated diffusion of TRYP and a decrease of the index diffusion of TYR/TRYP. 2) The means of variables were different according to the diagnostic sub-groups (DSM III). In the depressions with alcoholism, the facilitated diffusions were increased compared to depressive syndromes without others diagnosis. The depressions with dementia were in intermediate position. 3) After treatment with antidepressant drugs, the biological variables improved with the clinical improvement, without complete normalization compared to controls. The patients without clinical improvement showed no change in the biological measures. 4) Patients for whom the choice of antidepressant drug was done according to the facilitated diffusions showed a 87% rate of clinical improvement, while this rate was 60% in the other patients. 5) In schizophrenic patients, the biological variables were different than in depressed or normal controls and showed a little decrease of facilitated diffusion of TYR, a marked decrease of diffusion of TRYP and an increased index of diffusion TYR/TRYP.
根据情感和精神分裂症综合征的单胺能假说，单胺前体如酪氨酸（TYR）和色氨酸（TRYP）流入大脑的扰动可能与临床综合征相关。测量TYR和TRYP的血细胞膜转运是研究这些综合征的一个有趣的外周模型。这项研究涉及395名患者（335名抑郁症患者和60名精神分裂症患者）；215名抑郁症患者在接受抗抑郁治疗后接受随访。TYR和TRYP向红细胞的转运按以下方法测量：红细胞在含有放射性标记的TYR和TRYP的血浆中于0℃和37℃孵育10分钟；易化扩散通过从37℃时细胞摄取的放射性总量（总摄取量）中减去0℃时积累的量（被动扩散）来计算。结果表明：1）抑郁综合征的特征是TYR的易化扩散减少、TRYP的易化扩散增加以及TYR/TRYP的指数扩散减少。2）根据诊断亚组（DSM III），变量的均值不同。在伴有酒精中毒的抑郁症中，与无其他诊断的抑郁综合征相比，易化扩散增加。伴有痴呆的抑郁症处于中间位置。3）使用抗抑郁药物治疗后，生物学变量随临床改善而改善，但与对照组相比未完全恢复正常。无临床改善的患者生物学指标无变化。4）根据易化扩散选择抗抑郁药物的患者临床改善率为87%，而其他患者的这一比率为60%。5）在精神分裂症患者中，生物学变量与抑郁症患者或正常对照组不同，表现为TYR的易化扩散略有减少、TRYP的扩散显著减少以及TYR/TRYP的扩散指数增加。
